A molecule made up of adenine, ribose sugar, and three phosphate groups, which stores and releases energy by breaking phosphate bonds for cellular activities, is called adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
Definitions [3]
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Cellular respiration
Oxidation of glucose and other food components, which takes place inside the cell in the presence or absence of oxygen, is known as cellular respiration.
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Aerobic respiration
Cellular respiration taking place in the presence of oxygen is known as aerobic respiration.
Definition: ATP
Key Points
Key Points: ATP
- ATP formation is called phosphorylation and occurs in three ways: photophosphorylation, substrate-level phosphorylation, and oxidative phosphorylation.
- Photophosphorylation occurs during photosynthesis, while the other two occur during respiration.
- Substrate-level phosphorylation involves direct transfer of a phosphate group to ADP and occurs in the cytoplasm and mitochondrial matrix.
- Oxidative phosphorylation uses energy from oxidation of NADH and FADH₂ and occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
- ATP is hydrolysed to release energy whenever the cell needs it for metabolic activities.
