Question

Write a short note on industrialisation.

Answer 1

1. Definition: Industrialisation is defined as the use of unbiotic power sources such as electricity and steam to mass-produce commodities and facilitate transportation and communication.
2. Characteristics:
   1. Growth of Industries: There is a movement from handmade products produced in one's home or shop to machine-made products generated in factories. 
   2. Mechanisation: As industries evolved, workspaces became more automated. This led to the mass production of machine-made goods. Mechanisation led to worker alienation. 
   3. Capital-intensive: As science and technology improve, industrial processes have become increasingly automated. Capital is prioritised for growth and investment.
   4. Division of labour: The division of labour and specialisation is based on knowledge, efficiency, skill training, and education rather than caste, gender, religion, and so on.
3. Impact:
   1. Industrialisation led to an industry-orientated economy.
   2. The Baluta system became less important as a result.
   3. Industrialisation supported urbanisation by providing centres for education, healthcare, and entertainment, which led to migration from rural areas to cities.
   4. Due to industrialisation, a modern class system has emerged. This included researchers, artists, and technicians. 
4. Example: Consider the Industrial Revolution in 17th- and 18th-century Europe.