Question

Which form of import-substitution strategy did Pakistan employ in the late 1950s–1960s?

Options

• Regulated import substitution with tariff protection and import controls

• Exclusive reliance on exports of raw materials

• Completely open trade without restrictions

• Abandonment of all industrial development policies

Answer 1

Pakistan followed regulated import-substitution-based industrialisation in the late 1950s–1960s, employing tariff protection and import controls. This strategy aimed to develop domestic industries by restricting foreign competition and promoting local manufacturing.