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Question
When lead nitrate is heated strongly in a boiling tube, two gases are liberated and a solid residue is left behind in the test tube.
- Name the type of chemical reaction and define it.
- Write the name and formula of the coloured gas liberated.
- Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction.
- Name the residue left in the test tube and state the method of testing its nature (acidic/basic).
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Solution
- The type of chemical reaction observed when lead nitrate is heated strongly in a boiling tube is a decomposition reaction. A decomposition reaction is a chemical reaction in which a single compound breaks down into two or more simpler products. This process often requires energy, such as heat, to break the chemical bonds in the compound undergoing decomposition.
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The colored gas liberated during the heating of lead nitrate is nitrogen dioxide (NO2), which is characterized by its brown fumes.
- The balanced chemical equation for the reaction is:
\[\ce{\underset{(Lead nitrate)}{2Pb(NO3)2(s)}->[Heat]\underset{(Lead oxide)}{2PbO(s)}+\underset{(Nitrogen dioxide)}{4NO2(g)}+\underset{(Oxygen)}{O2}}\] -
The residue left in the test tube is lead oxide (PbO). The nature of lead oxide can be tested using a litmus test. Since lead oxide is a basic oxide, it will turn red litmus paper blue, indicating its basic nature.
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