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Question
What environmental issues are faced by Brazil and India?
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Solution
- Extinction of many species of wildlife: In both countries, there is a significant decline in wild animals. This is mainly due to illegal smuggling of animals, poaching of endangered species, pollution, etc.
- Deforestation: For shifting agriculture, land under forests is cleared by cutting and burning. On this patch of land, a subsistence type of agriculture is followed for the next few years. Once this land loses fertility, another patch of land that is under the forest is cleared. This increased deforestation has led to the degradation of the environment. For example, ‘Roca’ in Brazil and ‘Jhum’ in northeast India have badly affected the environment.
- Pollution: Water and air pollution are problems in both countries. Delhi and other Indian cities are known for having poor air quality because of industrial discharges and car pollution. Water pollution from untreated sewage and agricultural runoff is a problem in Brazil.
- Climate Change: Extreme weather events, rising sea levels, and changes in the pattern of rain that damage agriculture and water supplies are among the effects of climate change that both countries are subject to.
- Urbanization: Both nations’ rapid urbanization contributes to environmental degradation by increasing trash production, taxing infrastructure, and eliminating green areas.
These issues have not only badly affected the environment but have also left many endemic species on the verge of extinction.
Notes
Students should refer to the answer according to their preferred marks.
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