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Question
What comes next
Connectors are indicators or markers of what comes next in a text.
Look at these extracts from longer texts. Decide which marker/connector could be used in the blanks to indicate what comes next. e.g.
There are many good players in the cricket team: for instance, Tendulkar and Dhoni.
- There are two main types of elephant in the world: ___________ , the Indian and the African.
- He is good at swimming, tennis and hockey. ___________, he has also represented the school in cricket.
- Many environmentalists strongly object to the mill being built at Srutipur, ___________ the unemployed are very happy at the proposal.
- Her performance in the Olympics did not match our expectations. ___________, she hasn’t improved much in the recent past.
- In the field of research the computer, has proved immensely useful. ___________, it has become an indispensable tool for all kinds of scientific endeavour
- The import of petrol has been banned in the Midlands. ___________, the price of it has gone up.
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Solution
- There are two main types of elephant in the world: namely , the Indian and the African.
- He is good at swimming, tennis and hockey. Furthermore/Moreover, he has also represented the school in cricket.
- Many environmentalists strongly object to the mill being built at Srutipur, whereas the unemployed are very happy at the proposal.
- Her performance in the Olympics did not match our expectations. Anyhow/obviously, she hasn’t improved much in the recent past.
- In the field of research the computer, has proved immensely useful. To conclude/Hence_, it has become an indispensable tool for all kinds of scientific endeavour
- The import of petrol has been banned in the Midlands. Consequently/Therefore, the price of it has gone up.
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RELATED QUESTIONS
Now that you have enjoyed reading the story, answer the following question by choosing the correct option
The granddaughter found her grandmother in tears on her return as _____
Given below are five qualities that Charles Hooper displayed during his struggle for survival.
Get into groups of four. Each team will choose one quality to talk about to the whole class for about one minute. But before you talk you have two minutes to think about it. You can make notes if you wish.
Listen to an excerpt from a news telecast on a national channel carefully and complete the table given below.
| S. No. | Name of the Brave-heart | Place they belong to | Reason for Award |
| 1 | Saumik Mishra | Uttar Pradesh | foiled theft |
| 2 | Prachi Santosh Sen | saved a child | |
| 3 | Kavita Kanwar | Chhattisgarh | |
| 4 | Jodhpur | dodged marriage to 40 year old | |
| 5 | Rahul-balloon seller | Delhi/ National Capital |
|
| 6 | M. Marudu Pandi | Tamil Nadu | averted rail disaster |
| 7 | Bangalore | saved a baby caught in bull fight | |
| 8 | Silver Kharbani | Meghalaya | |
| 9 | Yumkhaibam Addison Singh | saved an eight year old from drowning | |
| 10 | Uttar Pradesh | saved people from drowning | |
| 11 | Haryana/Jind | helped nab armed miscreants | |
| 12 | Kritika Jhanwar | fought off robbers |
Based on your reading of the story, answer the following question by choosing
the correct option.
“Bully”, said Pescud brightening at once.
He means to say that____
On the basis of your understanding of the poem, answer the following questions by ticking the correct choice
The poem is narrated in the first person by the brook. This figure of speech is
(a) Listen to a recording of the poem.
(b) What choice did the poet have to make?
(c) Did he regret his choice? Why/why not?
Answer the following question briefly.
Which road would you choose? Why?
Answer the following question briefly.
Do you think the Bishop was right in selling the salt-cellars? Why/ Why not?
Answer the following question briefly.
Before leaving, the convict asks the Bishop to bless him. What brought about this
change in him?
Compounds—someone, nothing etc.
| someone | anyone | none | everyone |
| somebody | anybody | nobody | everybody |
| something | anything | nothing | everything |
| somewhere | anywhere | nowhere | everywhere |
(Words ending with one and body mean the same.)
Fill in the gaps with some of the words from the table above:
- He can’t hear _____ . He’s completely deaf.
- _______ is going blurred. I can’t see!
- He’s looked ______ but he can’t find it.
- It must be _________ ! Look carefully.
- ______ must move or the horse will be scared.
- It doesn’t matter what you wear, ______ will do.
- She is very popular. _______ likes her.
- Shh! There is _____________ moving downstairs.
- Don’t worry! It’s _________ frightening. It is only the wind.
- It’s a public holiday, so____________ is open.
Read the following excerpts from newspapers on various environmental issues.
Ban the Bag
The Indus Valley Civilisation left beautifullycrafted pottery that speaks volumes of the advances its people made. After 3,000 years, if the ruins we leave behind are excavated, chances are only plastic bags would be dug up. It may sound like an exaggeration, but these bags are not biodegradable. Apart from causing emissions when these are manufactured, noxious fumes are released while these are being burnt or disposed off. So, be kind to Mother Earth the next time you go shopping for groceries, remember to carry a cloth bag with you.
What India Should Do
India has released the National Action Plan on Climate Change. Is it adequate? Is there more that the country can do? Here are some ways how we can make a difference.
(a) SOLAR MISSION
1) To promote the use of solar energy through solar photovoltaic and thermal systems for power generation .
2) To integrate other renewable energy technologies like biomass and wind. 
(b) ENERGY EFFICIENCY
1) To mitigate GHG through sector-specific and cross-cutting technology and fuel switch options.
2) To use more LNG and biomass fuels besides seeking tech transfer. 
(c) SUSTAINABLE HABITAT
1) To promote energy efficiency in the residential and commercial sectors through LPG use.
2) To manage municipal solid waste and urban public transport in a better way. 
(d) WATER MISSION
1) To promote efficient water use, augment supply in critical areas and ensure effective management of water resources.
2) To have better management of surface and groundwater,and conserve wetlands. 
(e) SUSTAINING HIMALAYAS
1) To enhance monitoring and conservation of the Himalayan ecosystems, empower local communities for management of ecological resources and promote sustainable tourism. 
(f) GREEN INDIA
1) To reduce fragmentation of forests, enhance public and private investments for plantation, upscale joint forestry management and promote conservation of biodiversity. Need to afforest degraded lands.
(g) SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE :
1) To focus on four crucial areas - dry land agriculture, risk management, access to information and promoting the use of biotechnology.
2) To develop drought and pest resistant varieties. 
Read through the poem and quickly make a note of any thoughts that come to you, while you are reading it.
Dispute
A man and a tiger once had a dispute,
Which was reckoned greater, the man or the brute.
The tiger discoursed on his side at some length,
And greatly enlarged on his courage and strength,
Said the man, 'Don't be prating; look yonder, I pray,
At that sculpture of marble: now what will you say?
The tiger is vanquished; but as for the man,
He is striding upon him: deny if you can.'
'But pray,' said the tiger, 'Who sculptured that stone?
'One of us,' said the man. 'I must candidly own.'
'But when we are sculptors,' the other replied,
'You will then on the man see the tiger astride.'
Anonymous
Is there enough variety of content?
The table below provides you with a list of modals that are used to express necessity and permission.
| Necessity I obligation | Permission |
|
Positive must obeying have to authority need to ought to right thing should to do |
Positive can (less formal) may (more formal)
|
|
Negative must not cannot ought not to |
Negative need not do not have to
|
In groups of four prepare a questionnaire for a pilot who has survived the Bermuda Triangle. Use the hints given below.
- Radar normal
- No disturbances
- Sudden communication failure
- Strange occurrence (use any of the theories or myths you have just read about)
Look at the following pair of sentences. Underline the modals and discuss why each one is used in that sentence.
e.g.
I must not take those pills. (I’m not allowed.)
I need not take those pills. (It is not compulsory but I may if I wish.)
(b) I needn’t go to the meeting if I don’t wish to.
2. (a) I can swim a length of the pool.
(b) I can swim in the pool on Saturdays.
3. (a) You ought to get a nice present for her.
(b) You have to get a nice present for her.
4. (a) Can I go to the toilet?
(b) May I be excused?
5. (a) I may come tomorrow if I have the time.
(b) I might come tomorrow but it’s going to be difficult.
Did you know?
Modals are a small group of verbs that are used to express possibility,
probability, capability, capacity, ability, obligation and predictions.
Some of the modals you learnt in this unit are
can
may
shall
could
might
should
Need, dare, had better are also modals.
Understanding Modals:
Modal Auxiliaries
A modal verb or auxiliary verb is a verb, which modifies another verb, so that
the modified verb has more intention in its expression. In essence the modal
verb expresses modality, the way in which something is being said.
The main modals are
Can: could; may: might; shall: should; will: would: must; ought to; need to;
have to.
The negative modals are
Couldn't; wouldn't; shouldn't; mustn't; needn't; oughtn't/ ought not to
| Modal | Examples | Uses |
| Can/ can't |
She can read and write It can rain today Can I borrow your pen? Can you lend me your notes? Can I carry your books? |
ability possibility /probability seeking permission request offer |
| Could/ couldn't |
Could I borrow your book? Could you please help me with this sum? We could go for a picnic on Sunday I think you could come first this time There was a time when I could work round the clock. |
seeking permission request suggestion possibility/ probability past ability |
| May |
May I have some water? May I help you? May I shut the door? India may become a super power by 2020. May God bless you |
request offer permission possibility/ probability wish/ desire |
| Might | They might sell their house as they need the money. | future possibility/ probability |
| Will /Won't |
It is very cold so I will stay at home. I will help you if you wish. Will you look after my dog for a day? It will rain tonight. I will get you a shawl from Srinagar. |
intention offer request prediction promise |
| Would/Wouldn't |
Would you mind if I come over tonight? Would five o'clock suit you? Yes it would. Would you pass the salt? Would you come to my party? Would you prefer tea or coffee? |
permission making arrangements request invitation preference
|
| Shall |
Shall I help you? Shall we meet at 3.00 pm outside Bakshi Stadium? |
offer making arrangements |
| Should |
We should check the timings of the train. You should listen to the advice of your elders. |
recommended action advice |
| Ought to |
You ought to do your duty. The bus ought to be here any minute |
advice probability |
| Must/mustn't |
We must make a move now. You mustn't tell lies. |
obligation necessity |
| Need |
He need not go to the market. You need to lose weight. I need to get the groceries. |
necessity compulsion insistence |
In Question 3, you read an eye-witness account of a robbery. On the basis of your reading of the Birlstone tragedy, in about 125 words, write Dr Wood's account of the discovery of John Douglas's body.
Sports Day at school is always great fun. Along with the excitement of the events, there is the added desire to know if your House has won the Sports Championship Cup!
Teacher/ student can read out the Sports Day commentary and fill in the House positions for each event - 1st, 2nd and 3rd. Then calculate the points to find out which House has won the Sports Championship Cup.
GOVERNMENT SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL, DANAPUR
ANNUAL ATHLETIC MEET
SCORECARD
| House | NEHRU | RAMAN | TAGORE | SHIVAJI | ||||
| Events | Position | Points | Position | Points | Position | Points | Position | Points |
| (Previous tally) | ||||||||
| March Past | ||||||||
| 800m (Boys) | ||||||||
| 1OOm (Girls) | ||||||||
| High jump (Boys) | ||||||||
| Javelin (Girls) | ||||||||
| House | NEHRU | RAMAN | TAGORE | SHIVAJI | ||||
| Events | Position | Points | Position | Points | Position | Points | Position | Points |
| Shot put (Boys) | ||||||||
| 400 relay (Girls) | ||||||||
| TOTAL | ||||||||
| RESULT | HOUSE |
| Champions | |
| 2nd | |
| 3rd | |
| 4th |
| SCORING (POINTS) | |||
| Event | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| March Past | 10 | x | x |
| Track and field | 10 | 5 | 3 |
| Relay | 15 | 10 | 5 |
Prepositions of Location
Picture Dictation
Work in pairs - Student A and Student B. Student A only (picture given below) - . Keep the picture secret from Student B. Describe exactly what you see to Student B, who must draw the picture from the information given. At the end, compare the two pictures. Draw your picture in the box below.
e.g.
In the middle there’s a small house. Behind the house there are two hills. Several birds are flying over the house…
