Question

What are the alternative modes of dispute resolution?

Answer 1

Alternative modes of dispute resolution (ADR) are methods used to settle disputes outside the formal court system. They are encouraged to reduce the burden on courts and provide faster, less formal, and more cost-effective resolutions.

1. Arbitration: In arbitration, both parties agree to take their dispute to a neutral person called an arbitrator. The arbitrator listens to both sides, examines the facts, and gives a decision. In most cases, this decision is legally binding on the parties.
2. Mediation: In mediation, a neutral mediator helps both sides communicate and find a solution that is acceptable to everyone. The mediator does not give a judgement or force a decision. The final agreement is reached by the parties themselves.
3. Lok Adalats: Lok Adalats are known as “people’s courts.” They help settle disputes through compromise and mutual agreement. They are usually simple, quick, and inexpensive, and they help reduce the number of cases pending in regular courts.
4. Gram Nyayalayas: Gram Nyayalayas are village-level courts created to provide justice closer to rural communities. They follow simpler procedures and deal with certain civil and criminal matters, making justice more accessible to people in villages.
5. Negotiation: Negotiation is the simplest form of ADR. The people involved in a dispute directly discuss the problem and try to reach an agreement. No judge, mediator, or arbitrator is required.