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Question
There are two bottles X and Y. One bottle has ammonium hydroxide, whereas the other has sodium hydroxide. How will you differentiate both?
Long Answer
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Solution
Reagent bottles X and Y can be identified by using calcium salts such as Ca(NO3)2.
When NaOH is added to Ca(NO3)2, Ca(OH)2 precipitates as a white precipitate that is sparingly soluble in excess of NaOH.
\[\ce{Ca(NO3)2 + 2NaOH -> Ca(OH)2 + 2NaNO3}\]
Whereas, on addition of NH4OH to calcium salts, no precipitation of Ca(OH)2 occurs even with an excess of NH4OH because the concentration of OH−ions from the ionization of NH4OH is so low that it cannot precipitate the calcium hydroxide.
So the reagent bottle which gives white precipitate is NaOH and the other is NH4OH.
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