Question

The organs A of a person have been damaged completely due to which too much of a poisonous waste material B has started accumulating in his blood, making it dirty. In order to save this person's life, the blood from an artery in the person's arm is made to flow into long tubes made of substance E which are kept in coiled form in a tank containing solution F. This solution contains three materials G, H and I in similar proportions to those in normal blood. As the person's blood passes through long tubes of substance E, most of the wastes present in it go into solution. The clean blood is then put back into a vein in the arm of the person for circulation.
(a) What are organs A?
(b) Name the waste substance B.
(c) What are (i) E, and (ii) F?
(d) Name G, H and I.
(e) What is the process described above known as?

Answer 1

(a) Organ A is kidney. Complete damage of the kidney (organ A) can lead to the accumulation of waste material B, i.e. urea, in the blood.

(b) The waste substance B is urea.

(c)
(i) In dialysis, the blood from a convenient artery is pumped into the dialyser of a dialysing machine. The dialyser contains a coiled cellophane tube made of substance E, called cellulose. It is surrounded by the dialysing solution (F). Hence, E represents cellulose.
(ii) F represents the dialysing solution.
 
(d)  The dialysing solution contains water (G), glucose (H) and salts (I), which is similar in concentration to those in normal blood.

(e) The process of removing waste substances like urea from the blood using a kidney machine is known as dialysis.