Advertisements
Advertisements
Question
The exhibition of various oxidation states by an element is also related to the outer orbital electronic configuration of its atom. Atom(s) having which of the following outermost electronic configurations will exhibit more than one oxidation state in its compounds.
(i) 3s1
(ii) 3d14s2
(iii) 3d24s2
(iv) 3s23p3
Advertisements
Solution
(iii) 3d24s2
(iv) 3s23p3
Explanation:
Elements which have only s-electron in the valence shell do not show more than one oxidation state. Thus, element with 3s1 as outer electronic configuration shows only one oxidation state of +1.
Transition elements, i.e., elements (ii, iii) having incompletely filled orbitals in the penultimate shell show variable oxidation states. Thus, element with outer electronic configuration as 3d1 4s2 shows variable oxidation states of +2 and +3 and the element with outer electronic configuration as 3d24s2 shows variable oxidation states of +2, +3 and +4.
p-Block elements also show variable oxidation states due to a number of reasons such as involvement of J-orbitals and inert pair effect. For example, element (iv) with 3s2 3p3 as (i.e., P) as the outer electronic configuration shows variable oxidation states of +3 and +5 due to involvement of d-orbitals.
APPEARS IN
RELATED QUESTIONS
Assign oxidation numbers to the underlined element in the following species:
NaH2PO4
Assign oxidation numbers to the underlined element in the following species:
H4P2O7
Assign oxidation numbers to the underlined elements in the following species:
KAl(SO4)2.12 H2O
What are the oxidation numbers of the underlined elements in the following and how do you rationalise your results?
KI3
What are the oxidation numbers of the underlined elements in the following and how do you rationalise your results?
CH3CH2OH
Consider the elements: Cs, Ne, I and F
Identify the element that exhibits both positive and negative oxidation states.
\[\ce{PbO}\] and \[\ce{PbO2}\] react with \[\ce{HCl}] according to following chemical equations:
\[\ce{2PbO + 4HCl -> 2PbCl2 + 2H2O}\]
\[\ce{PbO2 + 4HCl -> PbCl2 + Cl2 + 2H2O}\]
Why do these compounds differ in their reactivity?
Nitric acid is an oxidising agent and reacts with \[\ce{PbO}\] but it does not react with \[\ce{PbO2}\]. Explain why?
Calculate the oxidation number of phosphorus in the following species.
\[\ce{HPO^{2-}3}\]
Calculate the oxidation number of phosphorus in the following species.
\[\ce{PO^{3-}4}\]
Calculate the oxidation number of sulphur atom in the following compounds:
\[\ce{Na2SO3}\]
Match Column I with Column II for the oxidation states of the central atoms.
| Column I | Column II |
| (i) \[\ce{Cr2O^{2-}7}\] | (a) + 3 |
| (ii) \[\ce{MnO^{-}4}\] | (b) + 4 |
| (iii) \[\ce{VO^{-}3}\] | (c) + 5 |
| (iv) \[\ce{FeF^{3-}6}\] | (d) + 6 |
| (e) + 7 |
The oxidation number and covalency of sulphur in sulphur molecules (Sg) are:
The oxidation states of iron atoms in compounds (A), (B) and (C), respectively are x, y, z. The sum of x, y, z is ______.
(A) Na4[Fe(CN)5(NOS)]
(B) Na4[FeO4]
(C) [Fe2(CO)9]
In which of the following species oxidation number of the element(s) is equal to + 4?
In which of the following species, the oxidation number of the atom of the underlined elements is/are equal to +1?
Oxidation number of potassium in K2O, K2O2 and KO2, respectively, is ______.
