Question

The emf of a cell is defined as the work done in carrying a unit positive charge through which part of the circuit?

Options

• Only across the terminals of the cell

• The complete circuit, including the charge flow inside the cell

• Only through the internal resistance

• Only through the external resistance

Answer 1

EMF is the total work done per unit positive charge throughout the entire circuit path, including both the internal resistance of the cell and the external circuit. This distinguishes EMF from terminal voltage, which only measures the potential difference across the external circuit.