Question

The diagram given here is an external view of the human brain. Study the same and answer the questions that follow.

1. Name the parts labelled A, B and C in the diagram.
2. State the main functions of the parts labelled A and B.
3. What are the structural and functional units of the brain? How are the parts of these units arranged in A and B?
4. Mention the collective term for the membranes covering the brain.
5. What is the function of cerebrospinal fluid?

Answer 1

1. • A: Cerebrum
   • B: Cerebellum
   • C: Medulla oblongata (or Spinal cord)
2. • Part A (Cerebrum): It is the seat of intelligence, memory, reasoning, willpower, thinking, and consciousness. It also controls voluntary actions and interprets sensations such as sight, hearing, smell, and taste.
   • Part B (Cerebellum): It coordinates muscular activities and maintains the balance and equilibrium of the body.
3. • The structural and functional units of the brain are neurons (or nerve cells).
   • Arrangement in A and B: In both the cerebrum (A) and the cerebellum (B), the cytons (cell bodies) are located on the outer side, forming the grey matter (cortex), whereas the axons (myelinated nerve fibres) are located on the inner side, forming the white matter.
4. Meninges
5. 1. It protects the brain from mechanical injuries and shocks by acting as a shock absorber.
   2. It provides nourishment to the brain tissues.
   3. It provides buoyancy to support the weight of the brain.