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Questions
Surface water.
Explain the following term.
Surface water
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Solution 1
Surface water is water on the surface of the planet such as in a river, lake, wetland, or ocean. It can be contrasted with groundwater and atmospheric water. Non-saline surface water uses is replenished by precipitation and by recruitment from ground-water.
Solution 2
Surface water refers to all naturally occurring freshwater that accumulates and remains on the top layer of the earth's crust, such as rivers, streams, lakes, ponds, wetlands, and constructed reservoirs. It is primarily replenished by direct atmospheric precipitation, such as rain and melting snow, as well as surface runoff from adjacent catchment regions. Surface water is the most visible and easily available hydrologic resource, serving as the foundation for large-scale canal irrigation networks, industrial operations, and municipal water supply systems. However, because it is immediately exposed to the open atmosphere, its availability varies greatly with seasonal climatic variations and high evaporation rates, and it is still extremely vulnerable to environmental degradation from urban sewage and agricultural runoff.
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Differentiate between Surface water and Groundwater.
Multiple choice questions
Based on the information given below classify each of the situations as ‘suffering from water scarcity’ or ‘not suffering from water scarcity’.
(a) Region with high annual rainfall.
(b) Region having high annual rainfall and large population.
(c) Region having high annual rainfall but water is highly polluted.
(d) Region having low rainfall and low population.
Answer the following questions in about 30 words.
What is water scarcity and what are its main causes?
What are the several methods applied for lifting water from wells?
Give what are the conditions necessary for tube-wells.
What are the demerits of canals? How to overcome these defects?
Give two main reasons why water scarcity occurs in India.
Give reasons for the popularity of tanks in South India.
Or
Peninsular India is an ideal region for constructing tanks. Why?
Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow:
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Maharashtra is a state located in western India, with a population of over 110 million people. The state is home to several large cities, including Mumbai, and has a significant agricultural sector. However, the state is facing a severe water crisis, with its water resources coming under increasing pressure due to climate change, industrialization, and urbanization. The main challenges faced by water resource management in Maharashtra are:
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- Mention any one reason for the water crisis faced by the state of Maharashtra.
- Propose any one solution to mitigate the water crisis faced by Maharashtra state.
- Despite being the second-highest rainfall-receiving state in the country, Maharashtra still faces a water crisis. Substantiate this statement in 40 words.
Which of the following is a ground water source?
