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Question
State the principle of a cyclotron.
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Solution
Principle of a cyclotron:
A charged particle can be accelerated to very high energies by passing it through a moderate electric field a number of times. Cyclotron uses the fact that the frequency of revolution of the charged particle in a magnetic field is independent of its energy. The particles move most of the time inside two semicircular disc-like metal containers, D1 and D2, which are called dees.
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RELATED QUESTIONS
Which one of the following particles cannot be accelerated by a cyclotron?
(A) Electrons
(B) Protons
(C) Deuterons
(D) α- particles
Show that the time period of revolution of particles in a cyclotron is independent of their speeds. Why is this property necessary for the operation of a cyclotron?
Which of the following particles will describe the smallest circle when projected with the same velocity perpendicular to a magnetic field?
An electron is projected horizontally with a kinetic energy of 10 keV. A magnetic field of strength 1.0 × 10−7 T exists in the vertically upward direction.
(a) Will the electron deflect towards the right or left of its motion?
(b) Calculate the sideways deflection of the electron while travelling through 1 m. Make appropriate approximations.
A conducting wire of length l, lying normal to a magnetic field B, moves with a velocity v,as shown in the figure. (a) Find the average magnetic force on a free electron of the wire. (b) Due to this magnetic force, electrons concentrate at one end, resulting in an electric field inside the wire. The redistribution stops when the electric force on the free electrons balances the magnetic force. Find the electric field developed inside the wire when the redistribution stops. (c) What potential difference is developed between the ends of the wire?
Assertion: The frequency of circular motion of a charged particle in cyclotron is independent of the mass of the particle.
Reason: Greater the mass of the particle less will be the frequency of the particle.
An aircraft executes a horizontal loop of radius 1.00 km with a steady speed of 900 km/h. Its centripetal acceleration is ______.
The cyclotron was designed by ______
