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Question
Read the following sentence.
‘A very wise man once remarked that of the unspoken word, you are a master; of the spoken word, you are a slave.’
The sentence has two pairs of opposites - spoken and unspoken, and master and slave. The contrasting ideas make the sentence more effective. Putting together opposite or contrasting ideas in one sentence is a literary device. It is called antithesis.
Read the following examples of antithesis.
- Give every man thy ear, but few thy voice.
- Man proposes and God disposes.
- Speech is silver, but silence is gold.
- Patience is bitter, but it has a sweet fruit.
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Solution
Students do this activity on their own.
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Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow:
1. Air pollution is an issue which concerns us all alike. One can willingly choose or reject a food, a drink or a life comfort, but unfortunately there is little choice for the air we breathe. All, what is there in the air is inhaled by one and all living in those surroundings.
2. Air pollutant is defined as a substance which is present while normally it is not there or present in an amount exceeding the normal concentrations. It could either be gaseous or a particulate matter. The important and harmful polluting gases are carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, ozone and oxides of sulphur and nitrogen. The common particulate pollutants are the dusts of various inorganic or organic origins. Although we often talk of the outdoor air pollutions caused by industrial and vehicular exhausts, the indoor pollution may prove to be as or a more important cause of health problems.
3. Recognition of air pollution is relatively recent. It is not uncommon to experience a feeling of 'suffocation' in a closed environment. It is often ascribed to the lack of oxygen. Fortunately, however, the composition of air is remarkably constant all over the world. There is about 79 per cent nitrogen and 21 per cent oxygen in the air − the other gases forming a very small fraction. It is true that carbon dioxide exhaled out of lungs may accumulate in a closed and over-crowded place. But such an increase is usually small and temporary unless the room is really air-tight. Exposure to poisonous gases such as carbon monoxide may occur in a closed room, heated by burning coal inside. This may also prove to be fatal.
4. What is more common in a poorly ventilated home is a vague constellation of symptoms described as the sick-building syndrome. It is characterized by a general feeling of malaise, head-ache, dizziness and irritation of mucous membranes. It may also be accompanied by nausea, itching, aches, pains and depression. Sick building syndrome is getting commoner in big cities with the small houses, which are generally over-furnished. Some of the important pollutants whose indoor concentrations exceed those of the outdoors include gases such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, oxides of nitrogen and organic substances like spores, formaldehydes, hydrocarbon aerosols and allergens. The sources are attributed to a variety of construction materials, insulations, furnishings, adhesives, cosmetics, house dusts, fungi and other indoor products.
5. By-products of fuel combustion are important in houses with indoor kitchens. It is not only the brining of dried dung and fuelwood which is responsible, but also kerosene and liquid petroleum gas. Oxides of both nitrogen and sulphur are released from their combustion.
6. Smoking of tobacco in the closed environment is an important source of indoor pollution. It may not be high quantitatively, but significantly hazardous for health. It is because of the fact that there are over 3000 chemical constituents in tobacco smoke, which have been identified. These are harmful for human health.
7. Micro-organisms and allergens are of special significance in the causation and spread of diseases. Most of the infective illnesses may involve more persons of a family living in common indoor environment. These include viral and bacterial diseases like tuberculosis.
8. Besides infections, allergic and hypersensitivity disorders are spreading fast. Although asthma is the most common form of respiratory allergic disorders, pneumonias are not uncommon, but more persistent and serious. These are attributed to exposures to allergens from various fungi, molds, hay and other organic materials. Indoor air ventilation systems, coolers, air-conditioners, dampness, decay, pet animals, production or handling of the causative items are responsible for these hypersensitivity − diseases.
9. Obviously, the spectrum of pollution is very wide and our options are limited. Indoor pollution may be handled relatively easily by an individual. Moreover, the good work must start from one’s own house
(Extracted from the Tribune)
(a) (i) What is an air pollutant? (1)
(ii) In what forms are the air pollutants present? (2)
(iii) Why do we feel suffocated in a closed environment? (1)
(iv) What is sick building syndrome? How is it increasing? (2)
(v) How is indoor smoking very hazardous? (1)
(vi) How can one overcome the dangers of indoor air pollution? (2)
(b) Find the words from the above passage which mean the same as the following: (3)
(i) giddiness (para 4)
(ii) constant (para 8)
(iii) humidity (para 8)
There were many reasons for Helen Keller's embittered childhood. What were they and how were they overcome?
Read the extract and do the following activities:
A1 Complete :
| Night |
Morning |
| (i) | (i) |
| (ii) | (ii) |
There was a roaring in the wind all night;
The rain came heavily and fell in floods;
But now the sun is rising calm and bright,
The birds are singing in the distant woods;
Over his own sweet voice the Stock-dove broods;
The Jay makes answer as the Magpie chatters;
And all the air is filled with pleasant noise of waters
All things that love the sun are out of doors;
The sky rejoices in the morning’s birth;
The grass is bright with raindrops-on the moors
The hare is running races in her mirth;
And with her feet she from the plashy earth
Raises a mist; that, glittering in the sun,
Runs with her all the way, wherever she doth run.
A2 What do the different birds do? Discuss.
A3 The sky rejoices in the morning’s birth. (Name and explain the figure of speech)
Narrate 'The Tale of Melon City' in your own words.
How does the banyan tree stand out as different from other trees? What details of the tree does the poet highlight in the poem?
Name the world-famous personality who reached great heights despite of humble circumstances.
Read the story and choose the appropriate meaning.
Wielded the brush ____________.
Form pairs. Present in the class, the conversation between Thiruvalluvar and the young man.
Answer the following question in one sentence.
What examples of man’s progress have been given in the poem?
To whom is the poem addressed?
Many changes had occurred on the earth in the hundred years before Sayali’s trip to the moon.
Correct the following sentence and rewrite it.
By afternoon, Papa Panov had stopped looking out for Jesus.
Choose a suitable heading for each announcement from those given below.
(Change in School Hours, Cleanliness, Story-telling Competition, Lost and Found, Warning, Football Match)
1.
|
6 July 2015 It has been observed by the Head Boy and Head Girl that certain classes do not clean up their classrooms before leaving. If any class is found untidy and littered after school, that class will be detained the next day after school hours up to 4 pm. Please take note of this. |
2.
| Tomorrow, that is, on the 10th of July, the school will close an hour earlier, as the teachers have to attend an important P. T. A. meeting. So please inform your parents to arrange to pick you up at 2 pm instead of 3 pm. |
3.
| On Sunday, 12th July 2015 there is a football match between classes VIII and IX, on the school ground. The match will begin at 9 am. All students are invited to come and cheer their favorite team. Please come on time, so that the players are not distracted. |
4.
|
The school has organized a Story-telling Competition for Classes V, VI, and VII from 21st to 25th of July. The competition will be held in the school hall at 10 in the morning. Children may select -
Three prizes will be given for each category. The time limit is 3-5 minutes. Those who wish to participate may contact Mrs. Sanjana Mohite for other details. They must register their names with her before the 16th of July. |
5.
|
Construction work to extend the school building will start next week. All students are cautioned not to cross over the fence at the construction site. It is dangerous and may cause you injury. Please stay away from that fence. |
6.
| A cycle key with a blue key chain has been found on the ground. Whoever has lost it can contact the clerk Mrs. Neena Pinto and see if it belongs to him/her. |
Was it right for the youngest brother to ask for a share in the money? Why?
What does a farmer need most for his fields?
Identify the character or speaker
He repented and implored his brother’s forgiveness.
Why did Herman and the author slam the doors?
We should develop the ability to learn from______
- self
- others
- books
What kind of a life do you want to lead in this world?
Fill in the blank
______ is the festival which fills our hearts with delight.
Write down the word that alliterate in the poetic line below
Festival of Flowers.
when to fight for a righteous cause
one did gain considerable applause.
When will one get an applause?
The dry earth soaked up the moisture as a hungry puppy laps up milk. It means______.
What did the father give to all the daughters?
Which place was the last stand of the Indian army?
Who disguised himself as an old man?
Find and write the clues.
Clue for blind eye ______
How does a friend support us?
Read the passage three times and colour a dustbin each time.
|
I am Mani. I had to take a bus to nearby city. I crossed the road to reach the bus stand. I got the bus, sat down, and read a book. Before I started to read, I just looked at the people around me. The two men sitting next to me were talking loudly. Some were listening to music on their phone. I was unable to focus on reading. The men were talking about cleaning the city. As they were talking, they opened a pack of biscuits to eat. After some time I dozed off. When I opened my eyes, the bus had reached the city. The two men were not there but pieces of the biscuits and wrappers were there. I cleaned the wrappers and put them in the dustbin.
|
- What did Mani take out?
- What did Mani find on the seat when he woke up?
- If you were Mani, what would you do?
What did he learn about the birds?
