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Prove that the lines x = py + q, z = ry + s and x = p′y + q′, z = r′y + s′ are perpendicular if pp′ + rr′ + 1 = 0.

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Question

Prove that the lines x = py + q, z = ry + s and x = p′y + q′, z = r′y + s′ are perpendicular if pp′ + rr′ + 1 = 0.

Sum
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Solution

Given x = py + q ⇒ y = `(x - q)/p`

And z = ry + s ⇒ y = `(z - s)/r`

So, the equation becomes

 `(x - q)/p = y/1 = (z - s)/r` in which d'ratios are a1 = p, b1 = 1, c1 = r

Similarly x = p'y + q' ⇒ y = `(x - q"'")/(p"'")`

And z = r'y + s' ⇒ y = `(z - s"'")/(r"'")`

Hence, the equation becomes

`(x - q"'")/(p"'") = y/1 = (z - s"'")/(r"'")` in which a2 = p', b2 = 1, c2 = r'

If the lines are perpendicular to each other, then

a1a2 + b1b2 + c1c2 = 0

pp' + 1.1 + rr' = 0

Thus, the given lines are perpendicular if pp' + rr' + 1 = 0.

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Chapter 12: Introduction to Three Dimensional Geometry - Exercise [Page 235]

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NCERT Exemplar Mathematics Exemplar [English] Class 11
Chapter 12 Introduction to Three Dimensional Geometry
Exercise | Q 6 | Page 235

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