Question

Planning and controlling are closely ______ and ______ functions of management.

Answer 1

Planning and controlling are closely interrelated and interdependent functions of management.

Explanation: 

• Planning sets the goals and standards to be achieved, while controlling ensures those plans are being followed.

• Without planning, controlling has no benchmark; and without controlling, plans may not be properly implemented.

• Controlling provides feedback that helps improve future planning.

• Together, they form a continuous cycle that guides organizational activities effectively.