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Question
Pineal gland is an endocrine gland, write its role.
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Solution
The pineal gland or epiphysis cerebri or conarium is located behind the third ventricle of the brain. It is formed of parenchymal cells and interstitial cells. It secretes the hormone, melatonin.
It plays a central role in the regulation of the circadian rhythm of our body and maintains a normal sleep-wake cycle. It also regulates the timing of the sexual maturation of gonads. It also influences metabolism, pigmentation, menstrual cycle, and defense mechanism of our body.
RELATED QUESTIONS
| Hormones | Target gland |
| Thyrotrophin (TSH) | ______ |
add a note on deficiency of thyroxine.
Match the items of column I with those of column II
| Column I | Column II | ||
| 1 | β (beta) cells of islets of Langerhans |
a | condition due to undersecretion of thyroxine in adults |
| 2 | Thyroid | b | Glucocorticoids |
| 3 | Cretinism | c | Exophthalmic goitre |
| 4 | Addison's disease | d | Increases heart beat |
| 5 | Hypothyroidism | e | Thyroxine |
| 6 | Myxoedema | f | Adrenal cortex |
| 7 | Adrenaline Under secretion of thyroxine in a child |
h | Under secretion of thyroxine in a child |
Define the following:
Hypersecretion
Name the hormones secreted by the following glands:
(i) Anterior pituitary
(ii) Testes
(iii) Ovary
(iv) Adrenal cortex
(v) Pancreas
Give the Technical Term: What are the substances that control the growth and development in animals?
Give the Technical Term: Name a hormone which controls developments of male secondary sexual characters.
Give the Technical Term: The structure which controls the master gland.
Give the Technical Term: Name the hormones which lead to the following condition: Growth of beard in women
Given alongside are the diagrammatic sketches of some endocrine glands. Observe the figures and answer the following questions:
(i) Label the parts numbered 1 to 5.
(ii) Name the hormones secreted by (2) and (5).
(iii) Which chemicals in our body are greatly affected by hormones?
(iv) What is the chemical nature of hormones?
(v) Name the elements related to the functioning of hormones secreted by the structure (2) and (5).
State the Function
Oxytocin
Choose the Odd One Out
Choose the Odd One Out
Column ‘II’ is a list of items related to ideas in Column ‘I’. Match the term in Column ‘II’ with a suitable idea given in Column ‘I’.
| Column A | Column B |
| (i) Pituitary | (a) produces male sex characteristics |
| (ii) Ovaries | (b) decreases blood sugar level |
| (iii) Thyroid | (c) increases heart and breathing rate raises blood pressure |
| (iv) Thymus | (d) produces female sex characteristics |
| (v) Adrenals | (e) is known as emergency hormone |
| (vi) Hypothalamus | (f) regulates the level of calcium and phosphorus |
| (vii) Pancreas | (g) increases the rate of metabolism |
| (viii) Testes | (h) maintains the level of calcium |
| (ix) Parathyroid | regulates the amount of water excreted in the urine. |
| (x) Cretinism | (j) simulates skeletal growth |
| (xi) Diabetes mellitus | (k) regulates the activities of other glands |
| (xii) Insulin shock | (l) stimulates the development of male and female sex organs |
| (xiii) Gigantism | (m) Shortage of glucose in the blood. |
| (xiv) Enlargement of breasts in adult males | (n) Over-secretion of growth hormone |
| (xv) Exophthalmic goiter | (o) Excess of glucose in the blood |
| (xvi) Acromegaly | (p) Over-secretion of thyroxin |
| (xvii) Addison’s disease | (q) Dwarfism and mental retardation |
| (xviii)Cretinism | (r) Over-secretion of cortical hormones |
| (xix) Dwarfism | (s) Under-secretion of the adrenal cortex |
| (xx) Adrenalin | (t) Under-secretion of thyroxin in children |
| (xxi) Vasopressin | (u) Over-secretion of growth hormones in adults |
A pregnant female delivers a baby who suffers from stunted growth, mental retardation, low intelligence quotient and abnormal skin. This is the result of ______.
which of the given option shows all wrong statements for thyroid gland
Statements
- It inhibits process of RBC formation
- It helps in maintenance of water and electrolytes
- Its more secretion can reduce blood pressure
- It Stimulates osteoblast
In humans, the life processes are controlled and regulated by ____________.
Which endocrine gland is present in males but not in females?
Acromegaly is caused by ______.
