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Question
Name the layers of adrenal cortex and mention their secretions.
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Solution
The adrenal cortex has three layers namely Zona glomerulosa, Zona fasciculate and Zona reticulate.
- Zona glomerulosa which constitutes 15% of cortex is a thin outer layer that secretes minerals corticoids
- Zona fasciculate the middle widest layer constitutes 75% cortex and secretes glucocorticosteroids such as cortisol, corticosterone and small amount of adrenal androgen and oestrogen.
- Zona reticulate an inner layer of adrenal cortex constitute about 19% of the cortex and secretes adrenal androgen and small amount of estrogen and glucocorticoids.
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| Column A | Column B |
| (i) Pituitary | (a) produces male sex characteristics |
| (ii) Ovaries | (b) decreases blood sugar level |
| (iii) Thyroid | (c) increases heart and breathing rate raises blood pressure |
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| (v) Adrenals | (e) is known as emergency hormone |
| (vi) Hypothalamus | (f) regulates the level of calcium and phosphorus |
| (vii) Pancreas | (g) increases the rate of metabolism |
| (viii) Testes | (h) maintains the level of calcium |
| (ix) Parathyroid | regulates the amount of water excreted in the urine. |
| (x) Cretinism | (j) simulates skeletal growth |
| (xi) Diabetes mellitus | (k) regulates the activities of other glands |
| (xii) Insulin shock | (l) stimulates the development of male and female sex organs |
| (xiii) Gigantism | (m) Shortage of glucose in the blood. |
| (xiv) Enlargement of breasts in adult males | (n) Over-secretion of growth hormone |
| (xv) Exophthalmic goiter | (o) Excess of glucose in the blood |
| (xvi) Acromegaly | (p) Over-secretion of thyroxin |
| (xvii) Addison’s disease | (q) Dwarfism and mental retardation |
| (xviii)Cretinism | (r) Over-secretion of cortical hormones |
| (xix) Dwarfism | (s) Under-secretion of the adrenal cortex |
| (xx) Adrenalin | (t) Under-secretion of thyroxin in children |
| (xxi) Vasopressin | (u) Over-secretion of growth hormones in adults |
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Label the endocrine glands in the given figure.
Which endocrine gland is present in males but not in females?
Which of the following is not an endocrine gland?
Define the following term:
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