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Question
Briefly explain the structure of thyroid gland.
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Solution
The thyroid gland is butterfly-shaped, bilobed situated below the larynx on each side of the upper trachea. The two lobes are connected by a median tissue mass called isthmus. Each lobe is made up of many lobules. The lobules consist of follicles called acini. Each acinus is lined with glandular, cuboidal, or squamous epithelial cells.
The lumen of acini is filled with colloid, a thick glycoprotein mixture consisting of thyroglobulin molecules. The thyroid gland secretes Tri-iodothyronine (T3) and tetra-iodothyronine (T4) or thyroxine hormones. These are concerned with metabolism.
Structure of Thyroid gland
RELATED QUESTIONS
| Hormones | Target gland |
| Melanotrophin (MSH | ______ |
How do endocrine glands differ from other glands?
Which one of the following statement is true/ false?
The pituitary gland is both exocrine and endocrine in function.
Name the hormone responsible for the following function:
Regulates the functioning of the male and female reproductive organs
Name the different endocrine glands found in the body of man.
Given below is a table consisting of a set of items belonging to a common category. Complete the table by filling in the category and the odd one in the blanks
| Set | Category | Odd one |
| Adrenaline, Penicillin, Insulin, Thyroxin | __________ | __________ |
| Vasopressin, growth hormone, TSH, ACTH, FSH | __________ | __________ |
Complete the table given below by filling in the blanks numbered 1 to 8.
| Gland | Hormone Secreted | Effect on Body |
| 1 | 2 | Regulates basal metabolism |
| Pancreas (β-cells) | 3 | 4 |
| 5 | 6 | Increases heart beat |
| 7 | Thyroid stimulating hormone | 8 |
Give the Technical Term: Name the structure which produces testosterone.
Give the Technical Term: Name the glands which secrete the following hormone: Testosterone
Some of the endocrine glands are shown by the guidelines.
(i) Name the glands 1 to 5.
(ii) Name any two endocrine glands which are not shown in the diagram.
(iii) Name one gland which is both exocrine and endocrine.
Choose the Odd One Out
Choose the Odd One Out
Choose the Odd One Out
Column ‘II’ is a list of items related to ideas in Column ‘I’. Match the term in Column ‘II’ with a suitable idea given in Column ‘I’.
| Column A | Column B |
| (i) Pituitary | (a) produces male sex characteristics |
| (ii) Ovaries | (b) decreases blood sugar level |
| (iii) Thyroid | (c) increases heart and breathing rate raises blood pressure |
| (iv) Thymus | (d) produces female sex characteristics |
| (v) Adrenals | (e) is known as emergency hormone |
| (vi) Hypothalamus | (f) regulates the level of calcium and phosphorus |
| (vii) Pancreas | (g) increases the rate of metabolism |
| (viii) Testes | (h) maintains the level of calcium |
| (ix) Parathyroid | regulates the amount of water excreted in the urine. |
| (x) Cretinism | (j) simulates skeletal growth |
| (xi) Diabetes mellitus | (k) regulates the activities of other glands |
| (xii) Insulin shock | (l) stimulates the development of male and female sex organs |
| (xiii) Gigantism | (m) Shortage of glucose in the blood. |
| (xiv) Enlargement of breasts in adult males | (n) Over-secretion of growth hormone |
| (xv) Exophthalmic goiter | (o) Excess of glucose in the blood |
| (xvi) Acromegaly | (p) Over-secretion of thyroxin |
| (xvii) Addison’s disease | (q) Dwarfism and mental retardation |
| (xviii)Cretinism | (r) Over-secretion of cortical hormones |
| (xix) Dwarfism | (s) Under-secretion of the adrenal cortex |
| (xx) Adrenalin | (t) Under-secretion of thyroxin in children |
| (xxi) Vasopressin | (u) Over-secretion of growth hormones in adults |
Multiple choice question.
Which one of the following is a set of discrete endocrine glands?
Which organ acts a temporary endocrine gland in females?
Why do we hiccup and cough sometimes when we swallow food?
Serum calcium level is regulated by ______.
Name the layers of adrenal cortex and mention their secretions.
