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Question
Mitochondria DNA is ______.
Options
Naked
Circular
Double-stranded
All of the above
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Solution
All of the above
Explanation:
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a naked, circular, double-stranded genetic material that is not part of chromosomes. It is constantly exposed to the matrix, which contains many reactive oxygen species and free radicals.
Circular: Like bacterial DNA, it has a circular shape, reflecting the evolutionary origin of mitochondria from prokaryotic ancestors (endosymbiotic theory).
Double-stranded: It consists of two complementary strands, forming a stable double-helix structure.
Naked: Unlike nuclear DNA, mitochondrial DNA is not associated with histone proteins.
Mitochondrial DNA codes for essential proteins involved in cellular respiration and ATP production, supporting the energy needs of the cell.
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