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Question
Match the meanings with the words/expressions in italic, and write the appropriate
meaning next to the sentence.
I got a fright when I realised how close I was to the cliff edge.
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Solution
I got a fright when I realised how close I was to the cliff edge. (frightened by something that happens suddenly)
APPEARS IN
RELATED QUESTIONS
Answer the question in 30–40 words.
Where was the shehnai played traditionally? How did Bismillah Khan change this?
Thinking about the Text
Answer these question.
At last a sympathetic audience.”
(i) Who says this?
(ii) Why does he say it?
(iii) Is he sarcastic or serious?
Why did the swallow not leave the prince and go to Egypt?
Listen to one of William Wordsworth's poems, that describes a memorable
experience he had, while out on a walk. (Your teacher will play a recording.)
Listen to the poem at least twice.
JUST THINK
In line 35, the poet has misspelt the word 'amalgum'. Why do you think she has
done that? Discuss.
(The teacher should point out the use of 'me' instead of 'my' and other linguistic
variations that make the poem enjoyable.)
Understanding the tenses:
The tense forms that have been practised and discussed in this chapter, allow
you to show accurately and subtly the time and the relationship of actions and
events with it. We use them in speech and writing.
Understanding and recognising how the tense forms are used.
Can you identity the present tense forms.
Simple Present Present Perfect
1. I llli!¥ tennis 1. I have played tennis
2. You read well. 2. You have read well.
3. She sees something 3. She has seen something.
Present Continuous
1. I am playing tennis
2. You are reading well
3. She is looking at something.
Simple Past Past Perfect
1. I knew about it 1. I had known about it
2. You took it away 2. You had taken it away
3. She finished her work. 3. She had finished her work.
Present Continuous Past Continuous
1. I am reading a book. I was reading a book.
2. They are playing football outside. They were playing football outside.
3. She is looking for her friend. Last week, she was looking for her friend.
Understanding determiners.
Determiners are words that are used in front of nouns to indicate whether you are
referring to something specific or something of a particular type.
Singular nouns always need a determiner. In plural nouns, the determiner is
optional. Determiners may or may not be used with uncountable nouns depending
on context.
There are about 50 different determiners in the English language which include:
Articles: a, an, the
Possessives: my, your, our, their, his, hers, whose, etc.
Demonstratives: this, that these, those, which, etc.
Quantifiers: few, a few, many, much, each, every, some, any, etc.
Number: one, two, three, twenty, forty, etc.
Ordinals: first, second, last, next, etc.
Determiners are used
• to state the unit/ number of people, things or other nouns.
• to state possessives.
• to specify someone or something.
• to state how things or people are distributed.
• to state the difference between nouns.
Determiners can be classified under the following categories:
| EXAMPLES | ||
| MULTIPLIERS | double, twice, three times... | We want double portions. |
| FRACTIONS | half, a third, two fifths ..... | I drove at half speed. |
| INTENSIFIERS | What! Such! | Such impudence! |
| QUANTIFIERS | all, both, most | I like most people. |
| ARTICLES | a, an, the | Get a book from the shelf. |
| DEMONSTRATIVES | this, that, these, those, another, other | That tree is in another garden. |
| DISTRIBUTIVES | each, every, either, neither | I have a gift for each person. |
| POSSESSIVES | ||
| (i) PRONOMINAL | my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their | You can borrow Kim's video. |
| (ii) NOMINAL | Renata's, Adam's, People's ... | You can borrow my video. |
| INTERROGATIVES | What? Which? Whose? | Whose book is that? |
| QUANTIFIERS | some, any, no | I have no problem with them. |
| CARDINAL NUMBERS | one, two, three hundred ..... | Two heads are better than one. |
| ORDINAL NUMBERS | first, fewer, much, more, less, least ......... . | It was my first tennis match. |
| QUANTIFIERS | ||
| (i) SIMPLE | few, fewer, much, more, less, least ........... . |
I have few pals; Kim has more. |
| (ii) COMPOUND | a little, a lot of, a great deal of .... |
I have lots of time to spare. |
Form pairs - one student will read the text for 'Hockey', and the second student will read the text for 'Football'.
Hockey
The game starts when the umpire blows his whistle for the opening pass-back. The passback is made at the centre of the field to start the game (also after half- time and after each goal is scored). The ball, which may be pushed or hit, must not be directed over the centre line. All players of the opposing team must stand at least 5 yard from the ball and all players of both teams, other than the player making the pass-back must be in their own half of the field.
There are two umpires to control the game and to administer the rules. These umpires are the sole judges of the game. The umpires are responsible for keeping time for the duration of the game.
In front of each goal is an area known as the penalty area. This is a rectangular area, 40.2m wide and extending 16. Sm into the field where the goalkeeper operates.
A standard adult football match consists of two periods of 45 minutes each, known as halves. Each half runs continuously, meaning that the clock is not stopped when the ball is out of play. There is usually a 15-minute half-time break between halves. The end of the match is known as full-time. Anytime during the match, a team can substitute upto three players maximum.
The game is controlled by a referee who is the official timekeeper for the match, and may make an allowance for time lost through substitutions, injured players requiring attention, or other stoppages. There are also two linesmen who keep guard of the touchlines or sidelines, signalling when the ball crosses the boundary lines. The referee alone signals the end of the match.
Handling the ball deliberately, pushing or tripping an opponent, or hitting a player from behind are examples of fouls, punishable by a direct free kick or penalty kick depending on where the offence occurred. Other fouls are punishable by an indirect free kick.
The referee may punish a player's or substitute's misconduct by a caution (yellow card) or sending-off (red card). A player is given a yellow card is said to have been 'booked'.
• Red - Serious misconduct resulting in ejection from the game. If a player has been sent off, no substitute can be brought in his place.
Bangle sellers are we who bear
Our shining loads to the temple fair...
Who will buy these delicate, bright
Rainbow-tinted circles of light?
Lustrous tokens of radiant lives,
For happy daughters and happy wives.
Read the lines given above and answer the question that follow.
Explain with reference to context.
The most important thing we've learned,
So far as children are concerned,
Is never, NEVER, NEVER let
Them near your television set-----
Or better still, just don't install
The Idiotic thing at all.
In almost every house we've been,
we've watched them gaping at the screen
They loll and slop and lounge about,
And stare until their eyes pop out.
(Last week in someone's place we saw
A dozen eyeballs on the floor.
They sit and stare and stare and sit
Until they're hypnotised by it,
Until they're absolutely drunk
With all that shocking ghastly junk.
Read the lines given above and answer the question given below.
Explain with reference to context.
He looked at me very blankly and tiredly, and then said, having to share his worry with someone, “The cat will be all right, I am sure. There is no need to be unquiet about the cat. But the others. Now what do you think about the others?”
“Why they’ll probably come through it all right.”
“You think so?”
“Why not,” I said, watching the far bank where now there were no carts.
“But what will they do under the artillery when I was told to leave because of the artillery?”
“Did you leave the dove cage unlocked?” I asked.
“Yes.”
“Then they’ll fly.”
“Yes, certainly they’ll fly. But the others. It’s better not to think about the others,” he said.
Read the extract given below and answer the question that follow.
Why is the old man not worried about the birds?
Find in the poem an antonym (a word opposite in meaning)of the following word.
sober
Why did the wicked couple drop their tools?
Why was everyone delighted to see the iron chest on the camel’s back?
Ray was not a pawnbroker. Why then did he lend money to people in exchange for their old watches and clocks?
Read the lines in which the following phrases occur. Then discuss with your partner the meaning of each phrase in its context.
Velvet grass
Multiple Choice Question:
What does the poet want to say through the poem?
Which is more desirable-friendship or enmity? When does a person hear strongly the voice of his conscience?
Based on the following points write a story.
- Your aunt has gone to her mother’s house.
- Your uncle does his cooking.
- He is absent-minded.
- He puts vegetables on stove
- He begins to clean his bicycle outside.
- The neighbour calls out saying something is burning.
- Your uncle rushes to the kitchen.
- To save vegetables, he puts some oil in them.
- Unfortunately, it’s machine oil, not cooking oil.
- What do you think happens to the vegetables?
Begin like this: Last month my aunt decided to visit her parents...
The words helper, companion, partner and accomplice have very similar meanings, but each word is typically used in certain phrases. Can you fill in the blanks below with the most commonly used words? A dictionary may help you.
I’m mother’s little ………………
