Advertisements
Advertisements
Question
Long answer question.
What will be the effect of thyroid gland atrophy on the human body?
Advertisements
Solution
Thyroid gland atrophy causes hypothyroidism.
For effects of thyroid gland atrophy on the human body:
Hyposecretion of thyroid hormone: It is caused by a deficiency of thyroid hormones or removal of the thyroid gland (Thyroidectomy).
- Cretinism: It is caused by to deficiency of thyroid hormones in infants. A cretin (individual suffering from cretinism) has reduced BMR and low oxidation. They are short-statured because the skeleton fails to grow. They are mentally retarded, show stunted growth and delayed puberty. They show dry skin, thick tongue, prolonged neonatal jaundice, lethargy and constipation. This can be treated by early administration of thyroid hormones.
- Myxoedema: It is caused due to the deficiency of thyroid hormones in adults. It is characterised by a peculiar thickening and puffiness of skin and subcutaneous tissue particularly of the face and extremities. The patient lacks alertness, and intelligence. The patient suffers from slow heart rate, low B.P., low body temperature (feels cold) and stunted sexual development.
- Simple goitre: It is iodine deficiency goitre. Iodine is required for the synthesis of thyroid hormone and if there is a deficiency of iodine in the diet, it causes enlargement of the thyroid gland leading to simple goitre. This disease is common in hilly areas. The addition of iodine to table salt prevents this disease. The size of the thyroid gland is increased but the total output of thyroxine is decreased.
APPEARS IN
RELATED QUESTIONS
Mention which of the statements are true (T) and which are false (F). Give reason in support of your answer.
Simple goiter can be prevented by using iodised salt in food.
People living in the low Himalayan hilly regions often suffer from goiter. What could be the possible reason for it?
Complete the following table by filling in the blank spaces numbered 1 to 8:
| Gland | Secretions | Effect on body |
| (1) ______ | oestrogen | (2) ______ |
| Alpha cells of islets of Langerhans | (3) ______ | (4) ______ |
| (5) ______ | (6) ______ | Protruding eyes |
| (7) ______ | (8) ______ | Gigantism |
Given ahead is a portion from the human body showing some important structure in ventral (front) view.
 |
- Where is this portion located in the body?
- Name the structures numbered 1-3.
- State one main function of each of the structures named above.
- Is there any duct to carry the secretions from the structure numbered 2? If so, give its name.
Define the following:
Exophthalmic goiter
Mention, if the following statement is True or False. If false rewrite the wrong statement in its correct form:
Calcium is the main element of thyroxin.
Which two hormones are responsible for the regulation of calcium and phosphorus in the blood?
Which diseases is caused by the hypersecretion of mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids?
On an educational trip to Uttaranchal, Ketki and her friends observe that many local people were having swollen necks. Please help Ketki and her friends to find out the solutions to the following questions.
How is it caused?
Name the disease in which a child shows symptoms like low BMR, thick tongue, prolonged neonatal jaundice, lethargy and constipation.
