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How the Temporary and Permanent Hardness is Removed ? - Chemistry

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Question

How the temporary and permanent hardness is removed?

Short/Brief Note
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Solution

Temporary hardness can easily be removed by boiling. permanent hardness can be removed by the following methods:-
(i) By the addition of washing soda
(ii) By ion exchange method
(iii) By the use of polyphosphate water softener

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Chemical Properties of Water
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Chapter 9: Practical Work - Exercise 9 (C) [Page 153]

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Selina Concise Chemistry [English] Class 9 ICSE
Chapter 9 Practical Work
Exercise 9 (C) | Q 4.2 | Page 153
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