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Question
What do you understand by the term ’auto-protolysis’ of water? What is its significance?
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Solution
Autoprotolysis (self-ionization) of water is a chemical reaction in which two water molecules react to produce a hydroxide ion (OH–) and a hydronium ion (H3O+).
The reaction involved can be represented as:
\[\ce{H_2O_{(l)} + H_2O_{(l)} <=> \underset{Hydronium ion}{H_3O^+_{(aq)}} + \underset{Hydroxide ion}{OH^-_{(aq)}}}\]
Auto-protolysis of water indicates its amphoteric nature i.e., its ability to act as an acid as well as a base.
The acid-base reaction can be written as:
\[\ce{\underset{(Acid)}{H_2O_{(l)}} + \underset{(Base)}{H_2O_{(l)}} <=> \underset{Conjugate acid}{H_3O^+_{ (aq)}} + \underset{Conjugate base}{OH^-_{(aq)}}}\]
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