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Question
How is the variability in oxidation states of transition metals different from that of p-block elements?
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Solution
In transition elements, the variability in the oxidation state is due to the participation of (n – 1)d orbitals and ns orbitals. Thus, oxidation states differ by unity. For example, Fe3+ to Fe2+, Cr3+ to Cr2+ etc.
On the other hand, the variable oxidation states shown by some p-block elements differ by two units. For example, Sn4+ to Sn2+, Pb4+ to Pb2+.
RELATED QUESTIONS
Account for the following:
Cu+2 salts are coloured, while Zn2+ salts are white.
The paramagnetic character in the 3d-transition series elements increases up to Mn and then decreases.
Transition metals with highest melting point is ____________.
Read the passage given below and answer the following question:
The transition metals when exposed to oxygen at low and intermediate temperatures form thin, protective oxide films of up to some thousands of Angstroms in thickness. Transition metal oxides lie between the extremes of ionic and covalent binary compounds formed by elements from the left or right side of the periodic table. They range from metallic to semiconducting and deviate by both large and small degrees from stoichiometry. Since electron bonding levels are involved, the cations exist in various valence states and hence give rise to a large number of oxides. The crystal structures are often classified by considering a cubic or hexagonal close-packed lattice of one set of ions with the other set of ions filling the octahedral or tetrahedral interstices. The actual oxide structures, however, generally show departures from such regular arrays due in part to distortions caused by packing of ions of different size and to ligand field effects. These distortions depend not only on the number of d-electrons but also on the valence and the position of the transition metal in a period or group.
In the following questions, a statement of assertion followed by a statement of reason is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices on the basis of the above passage.
Assertion: Transition metals form protective oxide films.
Reason: Oxides of transition metals are always stoichiometric.
Interstitial compounds are formed when small atoms are trapped inside the crystal lattice of metals. Which of the following is not the characteristic property of interstitial compounds?
Out of \[\ce{Cu2Cl2}\] and \[\ce{CuCl2}\], which is more stable and why?
Explain why does colour of KMnO4 disappear when oxalic acid is added to its solution in acidic medium.
Which does not belong to first transition series?
Which of the following ions acts as a typical transition metal ion?
Account for the following:
Zirconium (Zr) and Hafnium (Hf) are difficult to separate.
