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Question
How is the variability in oxidation states of transition metals different from that of p-block elements?
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Solution
In transition elements, the variability in the oxidation state is due to the participation of (n – 1)d orbitals and ns orbitals. Thus, oxidation states differ by unity. For example, Fe3+ to Fe2+, Cr3+ to Cr2+ etc.
On the other hand, the variable oxidation states shown by some p-block elements differ by two units. For example, Sn4+ to Sn2+, Pb4+ to Pb2+.
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