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Question
Given below is the diagram depicting the menstrual cycle in human beings. Study it carefully and answer the questions that follow.
- Which phases are indicated by ‘C’ and ‘D’?
- Name the structures labelled ‘F’. What is its role?
- Explain the changes in the level of progesterone during phases ‘C’ and ‘D’.
- Which hormone present in the urine confirms pregnancy in human beings?
- Identify the structure labelled ‘E’. Name the hormone released by it.
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Solution
- Phase C is the ovulation phase, while Phase D is the luteal phase.
- The Corpus Luteum is the structure identified with the label F. The Corpus Luteum produces progesterone, which promotes a healthy environment for the developing fetus.
- Progesterone levels are very low or negligible in phase C, while they are highest in phase D.
- The hormone present in the urine that confirms pregnancy in human beings is hCG [Human Chorionic Gonadotropin hormone].
- The structure labeled as 'E' is identified as a Graafian follicle, and the hormone released by it is estrogen.
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