Question

Given below is a diagram of a human kidney cut open longitudinally. Answer the following:

1. Give definition of excretion.
2. Name the unit of kidney.
3. Why does the cortex of kidney show dotted appearance?
4. Mention the functions of kidney.
5. Write two differences in the composition of the blood flowing through blood vessels A and B.

Answer 1

1. Excretion is the removal of harmful and unwanted nitrogenous waste products from the body.
2. Nephron
3. The cortex of the kidney shows a dotted appearance because it contains numerous complex structures called nephrons.
4. Formation of urine and osmoregulation are important functions of the kidney. Purification of blood by extracting nitrogenous waste from the blood.
5. 
   

   Sr. No.	Blood vessel A	Blood vessel B
   1.	It is the renal artery. It contains oxygen-rich blood.	It is the renal vein. It contains deoxygenated blood.
   2.	Blood has wastes.	Blood is purified.