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Question
Give a chemical test to distinguish between dilute sulphuric acid and dilute hydrochloric acid (using lead nitrate solution).
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Solution 1
Sulphuric acid precipitates the insoluble sulphate from lead nitrate solution.
\[\ce{Pb(NO3)2 + H2SO4 -> PbSO4 + 2HNO3}\]
Lead nitrate reacts with hydrochloric acid to give a white ppt. of lead chloride.
\[\ce{Pb(NO3)2 + 2HCl -> PbCl2 + 2HNO3}\]
Solution 2
Bring a glass rod dipped in ammonia solution near the mouth of each test tube containing dil. HCl and dil. H2SO4 each.
The dil. HCl gives white fumes of ammonium chloride.
The dil. H2SO4 has no such fumes.
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