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Question
Factorise:
x3 + 13x2 + 32x + 20
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Solution
Let p(x) = x3 + 13x2 + 32x + 20
All the factors of 20 have to be considered. Some of them are ±1, ± 2, ± 4, ± 5 ……
By trial method,
p(−1) = (−1)3 + 13(−1)2 + 32(−1) + 20
= −1 + 13 − 32 + 20
= 33 − 33
= 0
As p(−1) is zero, therefore, x + 1 is a factor of this polynomial p(x).
Let us find the quotient by dividing x3 + 13x2 + 32x + 20 by (x + 1).
By long division,
x2 + 12x + 20
`x + 1) overline(x^3 + 13x^2 + 32x + 20)`
x3 + x2
− −
`overline( )`
12x2 + 32x
12x2 + 12x
− −
`overline( )`
20x + 20
20x + 20
− −
`overline( )`
0
`overline( )`
It is known that,
Dividend = Divisor × Quotient + Remainder
x3 + 13x2 + 32x + 20
= (x + 1) (x2 + 12x + 20) + 0
= (x + 1) (x2 + 10x + 2x + 20)
= (x + 1) [x (x + 10) + 2 (x + 10)]
= (x + 1) (x + 10) (x + 2)
= (x + 1) (x + 2) (x + 10)
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