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Question
Explain the structure and function of different types of RNA.
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Solution
- mRNA (messenger RNA)-
- single-stranded
- carries a copy of instructions to carry out amino acid assembling &protein synthesis
- unstable
- 5% of total RNA
- In Prokaryotes – it is (polycistronic carrying coding sequence for many polypeptides
- Eukaryotes – (monocistronic) contain information for only one polypeptide.
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
-
tRNA (transfer RNA)-
- single-stranded clover-shaped with 4 arms highly folded -3 D structure
- translates the code from mRNA and transfers amino acid to ribosomes (to built proteins)
- unstable (also known as soluble RNA)
- 15% of total RNA.
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
-
rRNA (ribosomal RNA)-
- single-stranded
- make up the 2 subunits of ribosomes
- metabolically stable
- 80% total RNA
- A polymer with varied length from 120 – 3000 nucleotides & give ribosomes their shape
- Genes of rRNA employed for phylogenetic studies.
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
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