Question

Enumerate two important factors that have led to a centralising tendency in contemporary federations.

Answer 1

1. National Emergencies and Crises: Situations like wars, natural disasters, terrorism, or pandemics demand swift and coordinated action, often resulting in the central government assuming more authority over states.
2. Economic and Financial Control: The central government generally controls national economic planning and holds more financial resources, making the states dependent and increasing central dominance.
3. Advancement in Communication and Technology: Modern communication tools allow the central government to directly reach citizens, reducing the traditional role and importance of state governments.
4. Globalization and International Pressures: International agreements, trade regulations, and global institutions often interact directly with central governments, compelling them to make unilateral decisions that affect the entire federation.