Question

Distinguish between diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus.

Answer 1

Feature	Diabetes mellitus	Diabetes insipidus
Blood Sugar	Blood glucose levels are abnormally high.	Blood glucose levels remain perfectly normal.
Hormone Involved	Caused by a problem with insulin.	Caused by a problem with vasopressin (ADH).
Organ Source	Originates from dysfunction in the pancreas.	Originates in the brain or the kidneys.
Urine Output	Urine contains glucose and tastes sweet.	Urine is watery, tasteless, and lacks glucose.
Hunger Levels	Patients experience increased appetite and hunger.	Patients do not experience changes in hunger.
Main Danger	Can lead to diabetic coma or nerve damage.	Can lead to rapid dehydration and electrolyte loss.
Treatment	Managed with insulin shots or oral medications.	Managed with synthetic hormones or specific diets.