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Question
Describe in brief, an account of disorders of the adrenal gland.
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Solution
Disorders of adrenal cortical secretions are caused due to hyposecretion and hypersecretion of adrenal corticoid hormones.
- Addison’s disease: It is caused due to Hyposecretion of mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids (hormone secreted adrenal cortex). It is characterized by low blood sugar, low Na+, and high K+ concentration in plasma increased loss of Na+ and water in urine. It leads to weight loss, weakness, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhoea.
- Cushing’s disease: It is caused due to Hypersecretion of glucocorticoids (a hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex). It leads to high blood sugar levels, excretion of glucose in the urine, rise in Na+ level in the blood, high blood pressure, obesity, and wasting of limb muscles.
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RELATED QUESTIONS
Match the items given in Column A with the most appropriate ones in Column B and rewrite the correct matching pairs
| Column A | Column B | ||
| 1 | Cretinism | a | Hypersecretion of the adrenal cortex |
| 2 | Diabetes insipidus | b | Hyposecretion of Thyroxine |
| 3 | Exophthalmic Goitre | c | Hyposecretion of growth hormone |
| 4 | Adrenal virilism | d | Hyposecretion of Vasopressin |
| 5 | Dwarfism | e | Hyposecretion of the adrenal cortex |
| f | Hypersecretion of Growth hormone | ||
| g | Hypersecretion of thyroxine |
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