Question

Complete the following table taking into account the relation between the entries in three columns:

	Air pollution	Water pollution	Soil pollution
Components	Gases: CO2, CO, Hydrocarbons, Sulphur, NOx, Hydrogen sulphides etc. Solid: dust, ash, carbon, lead, asbestos, etc.
Source		Industrial wastes, Domestic wastes, Sewage, Chemicals discharged from Industries, Pesticides used in agriculture.
Effect			Soil erosion, Retarded growth of plants/crops, Nutritional deficiency etc.
Control Measure

Answer 1

	Air pollution	Water pollution	Soil pollution
Components	Gases: CO2, CO, Hydrocarbons, Sulphur, NOx, Hydrogen sulphides, etc. Solid: dust, ash, carbon, lead, asbestos, etc.	Biotic components: Algae, Virus, Bacteria, Parasite. Abiotic factors: Sand, soil, dust, floating particles, precipitates of salts, silver, lead, heavy metals, (Radioactive substances) Organic components: Weedicides, pesticides, sewage, etc.	Soil pollutants vary across regions. E.g., near-field inorganic components of insecticides and excess fertilisers, heavy metals, and other toxic chemicals.
Source	Chemical industries and oil refineries. Thermal power station, paper industries, cloth mills, cement, manufacturing, dynamite, stone crushers.	Industrial wastes, Domestic wastes, Sewage, Chemicals discharged from Industries, Pesticides used in agriculture.	Industrial effluents, household toxic materials, chemical pesticides, biomedical wastes, E-wastes, and plastic waste.
Effect	Impact on human health. Serious effects on the respiratory system, on plants and animals, on acid rain, and on climate change.	Epidemics of water-borne diseases in humans. Mortality of aquatic animals. Eutrophication of the water bodies.	Soil erosion, Retarded growth of plants/crops, Nutritional deficiency etc.
Control Measure	Use clean fuels, install pollution-control devices, afforestation, and use public transport.	Treat sewage and industrial effluents before discharge, reduce chemical use, and prevent dumping of waste into water bodies.	Use organic manure, reduce chemical fertilisers and pesticides, properly dispose of solid waste, afforestation, and soil conservation.