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Question
Briefly explain ‘rolling friction.'
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Solution
The invention of the wheel plays a crucial role in human civilization. One of the important applications is suitcases with rolling on coasters. Rolling wheels makes it easier than carrying luggage. When an object moves on a surface, essentially it is sliding on it. But wheels move on the surface through rolling motion. In rolling motion when a wheel moves on a surface, the point of contact with the surface is always at rest. Since Rolling and kinetic friction, the point of contact is at rest, there is no relative motion between the wheel and surface.
Rolling and kinetic friction
Hence the frictional force is very less. At the same time, if an object moves without a wheel, there is a relative motion between the object and the surface. As a result, the frictional force is larger. This makes it difficult to move the object. The figure shows the difference between rolling and kinetic friction. Ideally in pure rolling, the motion of the point of contact with the surface should be at rest, but in practice, it is not so.
Due to the elastic nature of the surface at the point of contact, there will be some deformation on the object at this point on the wheel or surface as shown in the figure. Due to this deformation, there will be minimal friction between wheel and surface. It is called ‘rolling friction. In fact, rolling friction is much smaller than kinetic friction.
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