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Question
BF3 molecule is planar but NH3 pyramidal. Explain.
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Solution
- In the BF3 molecule, the central boron atom undergoes sp2 hybridization giving rise to three sp2 hybridized orbitals directed towards three corners of an equilateral triangle. Thus, the geometry is trigonal planar.
- In the NH3 molecule, the central nitrogen atom undergoes sp3 hybridization giving rise to four sp3 hybridized orbitals directed towards four corners of a tetrahedron. The expected geometry of the NH3 molecule is regular tetrahedral with a bond angle of 109°28'. There is one lone pair of electrons in one of the sp3 hybrid orbitals of nitrogen. The lone pair–bond pair repulsion distorts the bond angle. Hence, the structure of NH3 is distorted and it has pyramidal geometry.
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