Question

Assertion (A): The number of white winged moths decreased after industrialisation in England.

Reason (R): Effects of industrialisation were more marked in rural areas of England.

Options

• Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

• Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

• (A) is true, but (R) is false.

• (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Answer 1

(A) is true, but (R) is false.

Explanation:

It is true that there were fewer white-winged moths in England following industrialization, but it is untrue that the consequences of industrialization were more pronounced in rural areas. 
Following industrialization, white-winged moth populations in England sharply declined. This is because of rising pollution, which darkened tree trunks and improved predators' visibility of white moths.
Urban areas were more affected by industrialization than rural ones. Soot and smoke from industrial pollutants had a significant impact on urban environments, causing tree bark to darken. The shift in moth populations was caused by this environmental change.