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Question
Answer the following question.
Give valence bond description for the bonding in the complex [VCl4]-. Draw box diagrams for the free metal ion. Which hybrid orbitals are used by the metal? State the number of unpaired electrons.
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Solution
i. The oxidation state of vanadium is +3
ii. Valence shell electronic configuration of free metal ion, V3+
iii. The number of Cl– ligands is 4. Therefore, the number of vacant metal ion orbitals required for bonding with ligands must be four.
iv. Four orbitals on metal available for hybridisation are one s and three 4p. The complex is tetrahedral.
v. The four metal ion orbitals for bonding with Cl– ligands are derived from the sp3 hybridization.
vi. Four vacant sp3 hybrid orbitals of V3+ overlap with four orbitals of Cl– ions.
vii. Configuration after complex formation would be
viii. The complex has two unpaired electrons. The structure of [VCl4]– is
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\[\ce{[Ni(Cl)4]^{2-}}\]
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