CISCE ICSE Class 10 Biology Syllabus - Free PDF Download
CISCE Syllabus 2026-27 ICSE Class 10 : The CISCE ICSE Class 10 Biology Syllabus for the examination year 2026-27 has been released by the Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations, CISCE. The board will hold the final examination at the end of the year following the annual assessment scheme, which has led to the release of the syllabus. The 2026-27 CISCE ICSE Class 10 Biology Board Exam will entirely be based on the most recent syllabus. Therefore, students must thoroughly understand the new CISCE syllabus to prepare for their annual exam properly.
The detailed CISCE ICSE Class 10 Biology Syllabus for 2026-27 is below.
Academic year:
CISCE ICSE Class 10 Biology Revised Syllabus
CISCE ICSE Class 10 Biology Course Structure 2026-27 With Marking Scheme
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Syllabus
1: Basic Biology [Revision]
CISCE ICSE Class 10 Biology Syllabus
1 Cell - The Structural and Functional Unit of Life [For Revision Only] [Revision]
- Cell: Structural and Functional Unit of Life
- Key Points: Cell
- Organisms Show Variety in Cell Number, Shape and Size
- Definition: Unicellular Organisms
- Definition: Multicellular Organisms
- Key Points: Number, Size, and Shape of Cells
- Structure of the Cell > Plasma Membrane / Cell Membrane
- Key Points: Cell Membrane
- Structure of the Cell > Cell Wall: “Supporter and Protector”
- Key Points: Cell Wall
- Structure of the Cell > Cytoplasm: “Area of Movement”
- Introduction
- Definition: Cytosol
- Key Points: Cytoplasm
- Structure of the Cell > Nucleus: “Brain” of the Cell
- Introduction
- Experiment
- Definition: Chromatin Fibres
- Key Points: Nucleus
- Cell Organelles
- Introduction
- Definition: Organelles
- Definition: Protoplasm or Protoplast
- Definition: Cell Inclusions
- Key Points: Cell Organelles
- Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
- Introduction
- Functions of ER
- Key Points: Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
- Mitochondria - “Power House of the Cell”
- Introduction
- Functions of Mitochondria
- Key Points: Mitochondria
- Golgi Apparatus - "The delivery system of the cell"
- Introduction
- Functions of Golgi Apparatus
- Key Points: Golgi Apparatus
- Ribosomes - "The sites of protein synthesis"
- Key Points: Ribosomes
- Lysosome - “Suicidal Bag”
- Introduction
- Functions of Lysosomes
- Key Points: Lysosomes
- Centrosome and Centrioles
- Key Points: Centrosome
- Plastids
- Key Points: Plastids
- Non-living Substances Or Cell Inclusion
- Cell Inclusion
- Granule
- Vacuole
- Functions of Vacuole
- Key Points: Vacuoles & Granules
- Plant Cell Vs Animal Cell
- Microscopic Examination of Onion Peel
2 Structure of Chromosomes, Cell Cycle and Cell Division [Revision]
- Chromosomes - The Carriers of Heredity
- Discovery of Chromosomes
- Definition: Chromosomes
- Definition: Chromatin
- Definition: Centromere
- Definition: Chromatid
- Definition: Sister Chromatids
- Definition: Homologous Chromosomes
- Introduction
- Variation in Chromosome Number (ploidy)
- Structure of a Chromosome
- Key Points: Chromosomes
- Chromatin
- Key Concept: Chromatin
- Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
- The Discovery of DNA
- Introduction of DNA
- Composition of DNA
- Key Points: Molecular Structure of DNA
- Histone Proteins
- Definition: Histones
- Definition: Nucleosomes
- Key Points: Histone Proteins & DNA Packaging
- Genes and Genetic
- Definition: Genes
- Definition: Genetics
- Definition: Genome
- Need for New Cells
- Key Points: Need for New Cells
- Cell Cycle - "Divide, Grow and Redivide"
- Definition: Cell Cycle
- Key Points: Cell Cycle
- Interphase
- Definition: Interphase
- Key Points: Interphase & Cell Cycle
- Cell Division: an Essential Life Process
- Key Points: Cell Division
- Mitosis > Karyokinesis (Division of Nucleus)
- Definition: Karyokinesis
- Definition: Centromere
- Definition: Spindle Fibres
- Key Points: Karyokinesis
- Mitosis > Cytokinesis (Division of Cytoplasm)
- Definition: Cytokinesis
- Key Points: Cytokinesis
- Significance of Mitosis
- Comparison of Mitosis in Plant and Animal Cells
- Mitochondria and Chloroplasts in Cell Division
- Meiosis: Reduction Division
- Key Points: Meiosis
- Stages of Meiosis: Meiosis I
- Key Points: Meiosis I
- Stages of Meiosis: Meiosis II
- Key Points: Meiosis II
- Significance of Meiosis
- Mitosis Vs Meiosis
3 Genetics: Some Basic Fundamentals [Revision]
- Gregor Johann Mendel – Father of Genetics
- Father of Genetics
- Key Points: Gregor Johann Mendel – Father of Genetics
- Genes and Genetic
- Definition: Genes
- Definition: Genetics
- Definition: Genome
- Heredity
- Definition: Heredity
- Key Points: Heredity
- Inheritance in Humans
- Chromosomes - The Carriers of Heredity
- Discovery of Chromosomes
- Definition: Chromosomes
- Definition: Chromatin
- Definition: Centromere
- Definition: Chromatid
- Definition: Sister Chromatids
- Definition: Homologous Chromosomes
- Introduction
- Variation in Chromosome Number (ploidy)
- Structure of a Chromosome
- Key Points: Chromosomes
- Autosomes and Sex Chromosomes
- Definition: Autosomes
- Definition: Sex Chromosomes
- Sex Determination
- Genes and their Alleles
- Definition: Alleles
- Definition: Dominant Allele
- Definition: Recessive Allele
- Key Points: Genes and Alleles
- Genotype and Phenotype
- Definition: Genotype
- Definition: Phenotype
- Inheritance of Human Traits and Their Genetic Basis
- Sex-Linked Inheritance in Human Beings
- Definition: Sex-Linked Inheritance
- Definition: Criss-Cross Inheritance
- Monohybrid Cross
- Applications of Mendel's Laws
2: Plant Physiology [Revision]
CISCE ICSE Class 10 Biology Syllabus
4 Absorption by Roots: The Processes Involved [Revision]
- Plant Physiology
- Concept of Absorption by the Roots
- Need of Water and Minerals for Plants
- Key Points: Need of Water and Minerals in Plants
- Characteristics of Roots for Absorbing Water
- Key Points: Root Adaptations for Water Absorption
- Absorption and Conduction of Water and Minerals
- Imbibition
- Definition: lmbibition
- Diffusion
- Definition: Diffusion
- Osmosis
- Definition: Osmosis
- Osmotic Pressure
- Definition: Osmotic Pressure
- Definition: Tonicity
- Active Transport
- Definition: Active Transport
- Passive Transport
- Definition: Passive Transport
- Turgidity and Flaccidity (Plasmolysis)
- Definition: Turgid
- Definition: Turgidity
- Definition: Turgor Pressure
- Definition: Wall Pressure
- Definition: Plasmolysis
- Definition: Flaccidity
- Imbibition
- Uses of Turgidity to Plants
- Comparison of Diffusion, Osmosis and Active Transport
- Root Pressure
- Definition: Root Pressure
- Definition: Guttation
- Importance of Root Hairs and Upward Transport
- Experiments on Absorption and Conduction of Water in the Plants
- Experiment 1
- Experiment 2
- Experiment 3
- Experiment 4
- Forces Contributing to Ascent of Sap
5 Transpiration [Revision]
- Concept of Transpiration
- Definition: Transpiration
- Demonstration of Transpiration
- Measurement of Transpiration > Weighing Method
- Measurement of Transpiration > Potometer Method
- Kinds of Transpiration
- Stomatal Transpiration
- Key Points: Stomatal Transpiration
- Cuticular Transpiration
- Key Points: Cuticular Transpiration
- Lenticular Transpiration
- Key Points: Lenticular Transpiration
- Stomatal Transpiration
- Factors Affecting the Rate of Transpiration
- Plant Adaptations to Reduce Transpiration
- Significance of Transpiration
- Guttation and Bleeding
- Key Points: Guttation and Bleeding
- Traspiration Vs Bleeding
6 Photosynthesis [Revision]
- Concept of Photosynthesis
- Definition: Photosynthesis
- Explanation
- Chlorophyll: The Vital Plant Pigment
- Key Points: Chlorophyll
- Regulation of Stomatal Opening for Carbon Dioxide Intake
- Key Points: Stomatal Function and Movement
- Opening and Closing of Stomata
- Key Points: Opening and Closing of Stomata (Theories)
- Process of Photosynthesis
- Chemical Equation: Photosynthesis
- Key Points: Process of Photosynthesis
- Light-Dependent Phase of Photosynthesis
- Definition: Photolysis
- Definition: Photophosphorylation
- Light-Independent Phase of Photosynthesis
- Definition: Polymerisation
- Adaptations in Leaves to Perform Photosynthesis
- Products of Photosynthesis
- Key Points: Products of Photosynthesis
- Factors Affecting Photosynthesis
- Experiments on Photosynthesis
- Significance of Photosynthesis
- Biogeochemical Cycles (Nutrient Cycles)
- The Carbon Cycle
- Explanation
- Key Points: Carbon Cycle
- The Carbon Cycle
7 Chemical Coordination in Plants [Revision]
- Plant Hormones
- Definition: Stimuli
- Definition: Responses
- Definition: Hormones
- Definition: Phytohormones
- Overview of Plant Hormones and Roles
- Auxins
- Definition: Auxin
- Definition: Apical dominance
- Definition: Parthenocarpy
- Definition: Parthenocarpic Fruits
- Key Points: Auxins
- Gibberellins
- Definition: Gibberellin
- Key Points: Gibberellins
- Cytokinins
- Definition: Cytokinin
- Key Points: Cytokinins
- Ethylene
- Definition: Ethylene
- Key Points: Ethylene
- Abscisic Acid (ABA)
- Definition: Abscisic Acid (ABA)
- Key Points: Abscisic Acid (ABA)
- Tropic Movements in Plants
- Definition: Tropism
- Definition: Tropic
- Definition: Tropic Movements
- Phototropism
- Definition: Phototropism
- Definition: Positive Phototropism
- Definition: Negative Phototropism
- Geotropism
- Definition: Geotropism / Gravitropism
- Definition: Positive Geotropism
- Definition: Negative Geotropism
- Hydrotropism
- Definition: Hydrotropism
- Definition: Positive Hydrotropism
- Definition: Negative Hydrotropism
- Thigmotropism
- Definition: Thigmotropism
- Chemotropism
- Definition: Chemotropism
3: Human Anatomy and Physiology [Revision]
CISCE ICSE Class 10 Biology Syllabus
8 The Circulatory System [Revision]
- Need for Transport in the Body
- Key Points: Need for Transport Inside the Body
- Fluids in Our Body
- Definition: Closed Blood Circulatory System
- Definition: Open Blood Circulatory System
- Key Points: Fluids in Our Body
- Blood
- Functions of Blood
- Composition of Blood > Plasma (The Liquid Portion of Blood)
- Plasma
- Components of Plasma
- Function of Plasma
- Definition: Serum
- Composition of Blood > Cellular Elements: Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes)
- Red Blood Cells
- Function of RBC
- Key Points: Red Blood Cells
- Composition of Blood > Cellular Elements: White Blood Cells (Leukocytes)
- White Blood Cells (WBCs)
- Types of WBCs
- Function of WBCs
- Key Points: White Blood Cells
- Erythrocytes vs Leukocytes vs Thrombocytes – A Comparative Overview
- Composition of Blood > Cellular Elements: Blood Platelets (Thrombocytes)
- Definition: Thrombokinase
- Definition: Clot
- Blood Platelets
- Function of Blood Platelets
- Key Points: Blood Platelets
- Blood Transfusion and Blood Groups (ABO and Rh system)
- Definition: Blood Transfusion
- Definition: Blood Donor
- Definition: Blood Recipient
- Definition: Antigens
- Definition: Antibodies
- Definition: Universal Donor
- Definition: Universal Recipient
- Blood Groups
- Rh Factor
- Key Point: Blood Transfusion and Blood Groups
- Blood Circulatory System
- Human Heart
- Structure of the Heart
- Layers of the Heart Wall
- Chambers of the Heart
- Definition: Pericardium
- Key Points: The Heart
- Blood Vessels Entering and Leaving The Heart
- Key Points: Blood Vessels Entering and Leaving the Heart
- Valves of the Heart
- Key Points: Valves of the Heart
- Circulation of Blood in the Heart (Functioning of Heart)
- Introduction
- Experiment
- Key Points: Circulation of Blood in the Heart
- Heart Beat
- Definition: Cardiac Cycle
- Heart Beat Rate
- Heart Beat Sounds
- Key Points: Heart Beat
- Pacemaker
- Key Points: Pacemaker
- Blood Vessels
- Blood Vessels: Structure and Functions
- Capillaries
- Definition: Artery
- Definition: Vein
- Definition: Arteriole
- Definition: Venule
- Arteries Vs Veins
- Pulmonary and Systemic Circulation (Double Circulation)
- Definition: Double Circulation
- Key Points: Double Circulation
- Hepatic Portal System
- Definition: Hepatic Vein
- Key Points: Hepatic Portal System
- The Pulse
- Definition: Pulse
- Tissue Fluid (Or Intercellular Fluid)
- Definition: Tissue Fluid
- Lymph and Lymphatic System
- Definition: Lymph
- Key Points: Lymph and Lymphatic System
- The Spleen
- Key Points: Spleen
- Blood Pressure (B.P.)
- Introduction
- Definition: Blood Pressure
- Definition: Systolic Pressure
- Definition: Diastolic Pressure
- Definition: Hypertension
- Definition: Sphygmomanometer
9 The Excretory System [Revision]
- Excretion
- Definition: Excretion
- Definition: Excretory System
- Introduction
- Experiment
- The Excretory Organs
- Key Points: Excretory Organs
- Kidney and Its Internal Structure
- Definition: Nephrons
- Definition: Papilla
- Key Points: Kidneys
- Structure of a Kidney Tubule (Nephrons)
- Definition: Bowman's Capsule
- Definition: Glomerulus
- Definition: Malpighian Capsule (Renal Capsule)
- Key Points: Structure and Function of a Nephron
- Function of the Kidney - “Production of Urine”
- Definition: Ultrafiltration
- Definition: Glomerular Filtrate
- Definition: Selective Absorption
- Definition: Tubular Secretion
- Afferent Arteriole Vs Efferent Arteriole
- Urine
- Definition: Urine
- Definition: Micturition
- Osmoregulation
- Definition: Osmoregulation
- Key Points: Osmoregulation
- Dialysis and Artificial Kidney
- Dialysis
- Definition: Dialysis
- Definition: Artificial Kidney
- Types of Dialysis
10 The Nervous System [Revision]
- Human Nervous System
- Introduction
- Components of Nervous System
- Need of Nervous System
- Key Points: Human Nervous System
- Neuron (Or Nerve Cell)
- Definition: Neuron (Nerve Cell)
- Definition: Neurolemma (Neurilemma)
- Definition: Nodes of Ranvier
- Definition: Synaptic Cleft
- Definition: Stimulus
- Definition: Response
- Definition: Nerve Impulse
- Definition: Receptors
- Definition: Effectors
- Key Points: Neuron
- Transmission of Nerve Impulse
- Definition: Polarised State
- Definition: Sodium Pump
- Synapse
- Definition: Synapse
- Types of Neurons
- Nerves
- Definition: Nerve
- Kinds of Nerves
- Definition: Ganglia
- Major Division of the Nervous System
- The Human Brain
- Definition: Meninges
- Definition: Meningitis
- Key Points: Human Brain
- Parts of the Brain > Cerebrum
- Definition: Cerebral Hemispheres
- Definition: Grey Matter
- Definition: White Matter
- Definition: Gyri
- Definition: Sulci
- Definition: Corpus Callosum
- Definition: Subconscious / Unconscious Mind
- Key Points: Cerebrum
- Parts of the Brain > Cerebellum
- Key Points: Cerebellum
- Parts of the Brain > Medulla Oblongata
- Key Points: Medulla Oblongata
- Primary Regions of the Brain
- The Spinal Cord
- Key Points: Spinal Cord
- Peripheral Nervous System > Somatic Nervous System
- Peripheral Nervous System > Autonomic Nervous System
- Reflex Action
- Definition: Reflex Action
- Key Points: Reflex Action
- Involuntary Actions Vs Voluntary Actions
- Types of Reflexes
- Definition: Natural (Inborn) Reflex
- Definition: Conditioned (Acquired) Reflex
- Definition: Conditioned Reflex (alternate)
- Pavlov's Experiment on a Dog
- Reflexes in Humans
- Nervous Pathways in Reflexes
- Reflex Arc
- Definition: Reflex Arc
- Key Points: Reflex Arc
- Complex Reflex Action
11 Sense Organs [Revision]
- Concept of Sense Organs
- Sensory Receptors
- The Human Eye
- Key Points: The Human Eye
- Structure of the Eyeball
- Definition: Sclerotic Layer (Sclera)
- Definition: Cornea
- Definition: Choroid Layer
- Definition: Ciliary Body
- Definition: Iris
- Definition: Pupil
- Definition: Retina
- Definition: Rod Cells
- Definition: Cone Cells
- Key Points: Structure of the Eyeball
- Yellow Spot and Blind Spot
- Definition: Yellow Spot (Macula Lutea)
- Definition: Blind Spot
- Lens
- Definition: Suspensory Ligament
- Definition: Aqueous Chamber
- Definition: Aqueous Humour
- Definition: Vitreous Chamber
- Definition: Vitreous Humour
- Definition: Accommodation
- Light and Dark Adaptation
- Definition: Dark Adaptation
- Definition: Light Adaptation
- Colour Vision
- Rods Vs Cones
- Eye Donation
- Defects of Vision and Their Corrections > Myopia
- Key Points: Myopia
- Defects of Vision and Their Corrections > Hypermetropia
- Key Points: Hypermetropia
- Defects of Vision and Their Corrections > Presbyopia
- Key Points: Presbyopia
- Eye Defect and Its Correction: Astigmatism
- Common Defects of the Eye
- Cataract
- Night-blindness
- Colour blindness
- Corneal opacities
- Squint
- Stereoscopic (Binocular) Vision
- Colour Blindness Assessment
- After-Images and Visual Illusions of Vision
- Human Ear
- Key Points: Human Ear
- Functions of the Ear
12 The Endocrine System [Revision]
- Human Endocrine System
- Definition: Endocrine System
- Hormonal Control Vs Nervous Control
- Concept of Hormone
- Definition: Hormone
- Key Points: Hormones
- General Properties of Hormones
- Human Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal Gland (Suprarenal Gland)
- Key Points: Adrenal Glands
- Pancreas (Islets of Langerhans)
- Definition: Islets of Langerhans
- Introduction
- Function of Pancreas
- Key Points: Pancreas
- Thyroid Gland
- Key Points: Thyroid Gland
- Pituitary Gland or Hypophysis Gland
- Key Points: Pituitary Gland
- Adrenal Gland (Suprarenal Gland)
- Control of Hormonal Secretions
- Summary of Hormones and Their Actions
13 The Reproductive System [Revision]
- Reproduction
- Definition: Reproduction
- Human Reproduction
- Key Points: Human Reproduction
- The Male Reproductive System
- Key Points: The Male Reproductive System
- The Female Reproductive System
- Key Points: The Female Reproductive System
- Role of Hormones in Reproduction
- Key Points: Role of Hormones in Reproduction
- Menstrual Cycle (Ovarian Cycle)
- Placenta (Growth) in Human
- Definition: Placenta
- Definition: Umbilical Cord
- Parturition (Birth) in Human
- Definition: Parturition
- Twins - Fraternal & Identical
- Definition: Identical Twins
- Definition: Monozygotic Twins
- Definition: Fraternal Twins
- Definition: Diovular Twins
- Definition: Dizygotic Twins
- Multiple Births: Triplets, Quadruplets, etc.
- Definition: Triplets
- Definition: Quadruplets
4: Human Evolution [Revision]
CISCE ICSE Class 10 Biology Syllabus
14 Human Evolution [Revision]
- Evolution
- Definition: Evolution
- Key Points: Evolution
- Theories of Biological Evolution
- Definition: Natural Selection
- Definition: Survival of the Fittest
- Evidence of Evolution > Vestigial Organs
- Key Points: Vestigial Organs
- Lamarck's Theory Vs Darwin's Theory
- Human Evolution
- Human Ancestors
- Key Points: Human Ancestors
- Homo Sapiens Sapiens (Modern Man)
- Key Points: Homo Sapiens Sapiens (Modern Man)
- Human Ancestors
5: Population [Revision]
CISCE ICSE Class 10 Biology Syllabus
15 Population: The Increasing Numbers and Rising Problems [Revision]
- Rising Population - A Global Threat
- Key Points: Rising Population - A Global Threat
- World Population Through the Ages
- Key Points: World Population Through the Ages
- Rapid Rise in Population
- Key Points: Rapid Rise in Population
- Population Explosion- A Serious Global Concern
- Key Points: Population Explosion- A Serious Global Concern
- Simplified Model Of Population Growth
- Concept of Population in India
- Introduction
- Distribution of People
- Density
- Growth & Trends
- Characteristics of Population
- Real-Life Application
- Key Point Summary
- Factors Responsible For The Population Explosion In India
- Rising Population - Pressure on Natural Resources
- Key Points: Rising Population - Pressure on Natural Resources
- Definition: Resource
- Population Growth And Urbanisation: Pressure On Resources
- Key Points: Population Growth And Urbanisation-Pressure On Resources
- Need To Reduce Population Growth Rate
- Need For Adopting Control Measures
- Population Education And Population Control
6: Pollution [Revision]
CISCE ICSE Class 10 Biology Syllabus
16 Pollution: A Rising Environmental Problem [Revision]
- Waste
- Definition: Waste
- Pollution
- Definition: Pollution
- Definition: Pollutant
- Environmental Issues
- Water Pollution
- Definition: Water pollution
- Introduction
- Noise Pollution
- Definition: Noise Pollution
- Introduction
- Water Pollution
- Sources of Soil Pollution
- Sources of Noise Pollution
- Acid Rain
- Key Points: Acid Rain
- Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming
- Key Points: Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming
- Ozone Layer Depletion
- Key Points: Ozone Layer Depletion
- Effects on Human Health
- Control of Pollution
- Key Points: Control of Pollution
- Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (Clean India Movement)
- Key Points: Swachh Bharat Abhiyan
- Plastic Pollution
- Key Points: Plastic Pollution
7: Physical Health and Hygiene [Revision]
CISCE ICSE Class 10 Biology Syllabus
7.1 Health Organisations [Revision]
- International Bodies: WHO (World Health Organisation)
- Common Health Problems in India
7.2 Aids to Health [Revision]
- First Aid and Emergency Action
- Definition: First Aid
- Basic Principles of First Aid
- Simple Steps for Providing First Aid in Different Situations
- Key Points: First Aid and Emergency Action
- Antiseptics and Disinfectants
- Antiseptics
- Disinfectants
- Differences between antiseptics and disinfectants
- Antibiotics
- Definition: Antibiotics
