Revision: Organic Chemistry - Some Basic Principles and Techniques Chemistry Science (English Medium) Class 11 CBSE

Nomenclature is the system of assignment of names to organic compounds.

Compounds having the same molecular formula but different structural formula are known as Isomers and the phenomenon is known as Isomerism. (iso = same, meros = parts).

The change of state from solid to gas directly is called sublimation.

The change of a solid substance directly into a gas or vapour without first changing into a liquid is called sublimation.

OR

The change from solid state to vapour state without passing through the liquid state is called sublimation, and the substance is said to sublime.

The process in which liquid is converted into its vapor phase at its boiling point and the vapor is then condensed back to liquid on cooling is known as distillation.

Distillation : Distillation is the method of getting a pure liquid from a solution by evaporating and then condensing the vapours.

Stationary phase is a solid or a liquid supported on a solid which remains fixed in a place and on which different solutes are adsorbed to a different extent.

• The IUPAC system provides a unique, systematic way to name carbon compounds based on structure, replacing confusing common names.
• An IUPAC name has three parts: prefix, parent, and suffix, reflecting the carbon chain and functional group.
• The parent name is based on the longest carbon chain, and its ending changes to –ane, –ene, or –yne depending on the number of bonds.
• Functional groups are shown as prefixes or suffixes, and the chain is numbered to give them the lowest possible number.
• If the suffix begins with a vowel, the final ‘e’ in the parent alkane name is dropped (e.g., propane → propanone).