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प्रश्न
Why are bio-fertilizers preferred over chemical fertilizers?
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उत्तर
Biofertilizers are preferred over chemical fertilizers due to the following advantages:
- Decomposition products of biofertilisers help to bring mineral constituents of soil into solution.
- They improve physiochemical properties of soil, such as cation exchange and buffering action.
- They modify the physical properties, like the granulation of the soil, and increase the permeability and moisture-holding capacity of the soil.
- They are economically cheaper than chemical fertilisers.
- Biofertilisers do not cause any harm to the environment, while many chemical fertilisers are non-degradable and cause soil and water pollution.
- They provide food for soil microbes and thus enhance microbial activities.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
What does PCR stand for? Describe the different steps of PCR
From the following which one is NOT a feature of the plasmids?
Which of the following is not required in the preparation of a recombinant DNA molecule?
| Oil spill is a major environmental issue. It has been found that different strains of Pseudomonas bacteria have genes to break down the four major groups of hydrocarbons in oil. Trials are underway to use different biotechnological tools to incorporate these genes and create a genetically engineered strain of Pseudomonas - a ‘super-bug’, to break down the four major groups of hydrocarbons in oil. Such bacteria might be sprayed onto surfaces polluted with oil to clean thin films of oil. |
(a) List two advantages of using bacteria for such biotechnological studies?
(b) For amplification of the gene of interest PCR was carried out. The PCR was run with the help of polymerase which was functional only at a very low temperature. How will this impact the efficiency of the PCR? Justify.
(c) If such bacteria are sprayed on water bodies with oil spills, how will this have a positive or negative effect on the environment? Discuss.
Expand the following acronym:
BAC
Restriction enzymes were discovered by ______.
The polymerase chain reaction is a powerful technique to ______.
The structure below shows pUC18, which is similar to pBR322 in its function. However, they differ in some of their restriction sites and the number of ori. The ori number for pBR322 is approximately 20.
- How are puc18 and pBR322 used in biotechnological studies?
OR
What will be the impact if the ori in the above structure gets damaged? - The lac z gene has many recognition sites. Study the segment of DNA given below and answer the questions.
5’... ATC GTA AAG CTT CAT…3’
3’... TAG CAT TTC GAA GTA…5’
i) Applying your knowledge of palindrome sequences identify and mark the possible region where the restriction enzyme X will act.
ii) Restriction enzyme Y was used to extract a gene of interest from a plant. This gene needs to be inserted in the given DNA segment which has been treated with restriction enzyme X. Will there be a successful recombination? Explain with a reason. - Which one of the two (pUC18 and pBR322) would you prefer for biotechnological studies? Justify.
What is EcoRI?
Explain the mechanism of PCR.
