Advertisements
Advertisements
प्रश्न
Taking examples under each category, discuss upstream and downstream processing.
Advertisements
उत्तर
Upstream processing: Biotechnological processes can be separated into upstream processes and downstream processes. The upstream process is defined as the entire process from DNA isolation and culture expansion of the cells until the final product. Downstream processing: After completion of the biosynthetic stage, the product has to be subjected to a series of processes before it Is ready for marketing as a finished product.
The processes include separation and purification, which are collectively referred to as downstream processing. The product has to be formulated with suitable preservatives. Such formulation has to undergo clinical trials as in the case of drugs. Strict quality control testing for each product is also required. The downstream processing and quality control testing vary from product to product.
APPEARS IN
संबंधित प्रश्न
What is gene therapy? Illustrate using the example of adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency.
Diagrammatically represent the experimental steps in cloning and expressing an human gene (say the gene for growth hormone) into a bacterium like E. coli?
Describe the role of bacterium Thermus aquaticus in carrying the process of polymerase chain reaction.
Which one of the following statements is true regarding DNA polymerase used in PCR?
ELISA is mainly used for ____________.
What are DNA vaccines?
ELISA is based on:
Which of the following is the correct sequence of steps in a PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)?
When gene targetting involving gene amplification is attempted in an individual’s tissue to treat disease, it is known as ______
Now a days it is possible to detect the mutated gene causing cancer by allowing a radioactive probe to hybridize its complimentary DNA in a clone of cells, followed by its detection using autoradiography because ______
With regard to insulin choose the correct options.
- C-peptide is not present in mature insulin.
- The insulin produced by rDNA technology has C-peptide.
- The pro-insulin has C-peptide.
- A-peptide and B-peptide of insulin are interconnected by disulphide bridges.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below.
Give the full form of ELISA. Which disease can be detected using it? Discuss the principle underlying the test.
Can a disease be detected before its symptoms appear? Explain the principle involved.
Why is it that the line of treatment for a genetic disease is different from infectious diseases?
Define Antigen and Antibody. Name any two diagnostic kits based upon them.
A patient is suffering from ADA deficiency. Can he be cured? How?
A cell-free method of amplifying DNA first developed in the mid 1980's revolutionised the field of biotechnology, Name the method and explain the basic steps of the technique involved.
In humans, somatic gene therapy was carried out to correct an immunodeficiency disease. Name this disease.
The ______ gene from Bacillus thuringiensis produces a protein that forms crystalline inclusions in bacterial spores.
