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प्रश्न
The diagram given below represents the schematic structure of proinsulin, which undergoes certain modifications before it becomes a fully functional insulin.
Study the diagram carefully and answer the questions that follow:
- State the change the proinsulin undergoes to become fully functional.
- Name the modern scientific technique used for the production of human insulin.
- How are the two polypeptide chains of the fully functional insulin held together?
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उत्तर
- Proinsulin undergoes a chemical change in which the C-peptide is cleaved and eliminated before becoming completely functional as mature insulin. The C-chain breaks to generate an active insulin molecule.
- Recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology is used to produce human insulin.
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Disulfide bonds connect the two polypeptide chains, the A chain (21 amino acids) and the B chain (30 amino acids), to form the fully functioning insulin molecule. These chains are linked by two disulfide bonds, while the A chain contains an additional internal disulfide bond. These connections are critical to insulin's structure and activity.
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