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प्रश्न
Name the enzymes and write the reactions involved in the preparation of ethanol from sucrose by fermentation.
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उत्तर
Ethanol, C2H5OH, is obtained commercially by fermentation, the oldest method is from sugars. The sugar in molasses, sugarcane or fruits such as grapes is converted to glucose and fructose, (both of which have the formula C6H12O6), in the presence of an enzyme, invertase. Glucose and fructose undergo fermentation in the presence of another enzyme, zymase, which is found in yeast.
\[\ce{\underset{Sugar}{C12H22O11} + H2O ->[Invertase] \underset{Glucose}{C6H12O6} + \underset{Fructose}{C6H12O6}}\]
\[\ce{\underset{Glucose/Fructose}{C6H12O6} ->[Zymase] \underset{Ethanol}{2C2H5OH} + 2CO2}\]
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Write the mechanism of the following reaction :
\[\ce{C2H5OH->[H2SO4][443K]CH2=CH2 + H2O}\]
Among the following the one which reacts most readily with ethanol is:
Methanol and ethanol are miscible in water due to ____________.
If ethanol dissolves in water, then which of the following would be observed:
Which of the following is correct?
Phenol is less acidic than ______.
Suggest a reagent for conversion of ethanol to ethanal.
Suggest a reagent for conversion of ethanol to ethanoic acid.
Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of acidity and give a suitable explanation.
Phenol, o-nitrophenol, o-cresol
Dipole moment of phenol is smaller than that of methanol. Why?
The carbon-oxygen bond in phenol is slightly stronger than that in methanol. Why?
Match the items of column I with items of column II.
| Column I | Column II | |
| (i) | Antifreeze used in car engine | (a) Neutral ferric chloride |
| (ii) | Solvent used in perfumes | (b) Glycerol |
| (iii) | Starting material for picric acid | (c) Methanol |
| (iv) | Wood spirit | (d) Phenol |
| (v) | Reagent used for detection of phenolic group | (e) Ethleneglycol |
| (vi) | By product of soap industry used in cosmetics | (f) Ethanol |
Match the items of column I with items of column II.
| Column I | Column II | |
| (i) | Methanol | (a) Conversion of phenol to o-hydroxysalicylic acid |
| (ii) | Kolbe’s reaction | (b) Ethyl alcohol |
| (iii) | Williamson’s synthesis | (c) Conversion of phenol to salicylaldehyde |
| (iv) | Conversion of 2° alcohol to ketone | (d) Wood spirit |
| (v) | Reimer-Tiemann reaction | (e) Heated copper at 573 K |
| (vi) | Fermentation | (f) Reaction of alkyl halide with sodium alkoxide |
Assertion: Ethanol is a weaker acid than phenol.
Reason: Sodium ethoxide may be prepared by the reaction of ethanol with aqueous \[\ce{NaOH}\].
Alcoholic fermentation is brought about by the action of
Convert the following Ethanal to ethanol.
