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प्रश्न
Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of acidity and give a suitable explanation.
Phenol, o-nitrophenol, o-cresol
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उत्तर
Increasing order of acidity.
o-cresol < Phenol < o-nitrophenol
In cresol, 
, the electron-donating group \[\ce{(-CH3)}\] gives electrons and intensify the charge on phenoxide ion and therefore makes it unstable. Therefore, o-cresol is less acidic than phenol. In o-nitrophenol, the electron-withdrawing \[\ce{(-NO2)}\] group withdraws electrons and disperses the - ve charge and stabilizes the phenoxide ion. Therefore, o-nitrophenol is more acidic than phenol.
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\[\begin{array}{cc}
\ce{CH3 - CH - CH - CH - CH2-OH }\\
|\phantom{......}|\phantom{......}|\phantom{.......}\\
\ce{Cl}\phantom{....}\ce{CH3}\phantom{...}\ce{CH3}\phantom{.....}
\end{array}\]
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