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प्रश्न
Give reasons:
The dipole moment of chlorobenzene is lower than that of cyclohexyl chloride.
Explain why the dipole moment of chlorobenzene is lower than that of cyclohexyl chloride?
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उत्तर
- To understand the lower dipole moment of chlorobenzene, we must examine the contributing structures of the molecules.
- The C-Cl bond in chlorobenzene has a partial double bond character (structures II, III, and IV). As a result, the C-Cl bond length is shorter than a single bond but longer than a double bond.
- The positive charge on the Cl atom minimizes the expected negative (δ−) charge due to electronegativity.
- As a result, the dipole moment is determined by bond length and partial negative charge on the Cl atom, decreases. However, this does not occur with cyclohexyl chloride. The carbon in this alkyl halide is purely sp3 hybridized, with a bond length of a single bond and a greater dipole moment due to the presence of (δ−) on Cl.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Chlorobenzene is extremely less reactive towards a nucleophilic substitution reaction. Give two reasons for the same.
Write the final product(s) in each of the following reactions:
The presence of nitro group (−NO2) at o/p positions increases the reactivity of haloarenes towards nucleophilic substitution reactions.
How the following conversion can be carried out?
Chlorobenzene to p-nitrophenol
What is Grignard reagent?
Write chemical equation in support of your answer.
Out of 
Cl and 
CH2- Cl, which one is more reactive towards nucleophilic substitution reaction and why?
Assertion: Presence of a nitro group at ortho or para position increases the reactivity of haloarenes towards nucleophilic substitution.
Reason: Nitro group, being an electron-withdrawing group decreases the electron density over the benzene ring.
Which of the following compounds will give racemic mixture on nucleophilic substitution by \[\ce{OH-}\] ion?
(a) \[\begin{array}{cc}
\phantom{}\ce{CH3 - CH - Br}\\
\phantom{}|\\
\phantom{....}\ce{C2H5}\phantom{}
\end{array}\]
(b) \[\begin{array}{cc}
\phantom{..}\ce{Br}\\
\phantom{}|\\
\phantom{}\ce{CH3 - C - CH3}\\
\phantom{}|\\
\phantom{....}\ce{C2H5}\phantom{}
\end{array}\]
(c) \[\begin{array}{cc}
\phantom{....}\ce{CH3 - CH - CH2Br}\\
\phantom{}|\\
\phantom{....}\ce{C2H5}\phantom{}
\end{array}\]
Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of rate of reaction towards nucleophilic substitution.
| (a) |  |
| (b) |  |
| (c) |  |
Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of rate of reaction towards nucleophilic substitution.
| (a) |  |
| (b) |  |
| (c) |  |
Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of rate of reaction towards nucleophilic substitution.
| (a) |  |
| (b) |  |
| (c) |  |
Haloarenes are less reactive than haloalkanes and haloalkenes. Explain.
Allyl chloride is hydrolysed more readily than n-propyl chloride. Why?
\[\ce{C6H12O6 ->[(Zymase)] A ->[NaOH][\Delta] B + CHI3}\]
The number of carbon atoms present in the product B is:
Assertion: Chlorobenzene is resistant to nucleophilic substitution reaction at room temperature.
Reason (R): C–Cl bond gets weaker due, to resonance.
Why haloarenes are not reactive towards nucleophilic substitution reaction? Give two reactions.
