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प्रश्न
Explain mutualism with the help of any two examples.
Give one example of mutualism.
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उत्तर
Mutualism is a kind of population interaction in which both the participating species derive a benefit from each other’s presence. Examples of mutualism are given below:
- Associations between fungi and plants, called mycorrhizae: The plant benefits from essential soil nutrients that the fungus absorbs and transfers to the plant through its roots. The fungus, in turn, derives the benefit of receiving energy-yielding carbohydrates from the plant.
- Pollination: Plant flowers provide sweet, mucilaginous nectar to birds or insects in return for help spreading their pollen grains onto other flowers. The plant-pollinator pair often undergoes co-evolution to safeguard against other non-useful organisms using the nectar.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
What is mutualism?
Give one example of interspecific competition.
What is the ecological process behind the biological control method of managing pest insects?
What is ESS?
Explain any three important characteristics of population.
Match the following and choose the correct combination from the options given below.
| Column I | Column II |
| Mutualism | Lion and deer |
| Commensalism | Round worm and man |
| Parasitism | Birds compete with squirrels for nuts |
| Competition | Sea anemone on hermit crab |
| Predation | Barnacles attached to Whales |
Mutualism can be represented as the interaction between ____________.
Identify the interspecific interaction which one species is benefited and other is neither banned nor benefited.
Type of interspecific interaction wherein one organism is benefited and other is harmed is called ____________.
Mycorrhizae are the example of ______.
______ in birds is an interesting example of parasitism in which the parasitic bird lays its eggs in the nest of its host and the host incubates them.
What is the interaction between two species called?
What is commensalism?
What is homeostasis?
In a pond, we see plants which are free-floating; rooted–submerged; rooted emergent; rooted with floating leaves; Write the type of plant against the following examples.
| Plant Name | Type | |
| a. | Hydrilla | ______ |
| b. | Typha | ______ |
| c. | Nymphaea | ______ |
| d. | Lemna | ______ |
| e. | Vallisneria | ______ |
The value of 'Z' (regression coefficient) lies in the range of ______ regardless of the taxonomic group or the region.
Complete the following chart regarding population interaction and re-write:
| Sr. No. | Name of interaction | Interaction between |
| 1. | ? | Plasmodium and Man |
| 2. | ? | Leopard and Lion |
| 3. | ? | Clownfish and Sea-anemone |
Observe the graph given below.
|
The graph represents inter-specific interaction between two species of Paramecia competing for the same resource in a culture medium. Paramecium caudatum and Paramecium aurelia were grown in separate cultures as well as in mixed cultures. It was found that each species grew in numbers according to the logistic equation.
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a) Which species is competitively superior? Support it with the data provided in the graph.
b) State the underlying principle for the above result and name the scientist associated with this principle.
c) Explain the mechanism in which two or more species competing with each other can co-exist.
OR
Graphs A and B shown below depict interaction of two species. Which graph indicates Mutualism? Give reason.
 |
 |
| A | B |
In which interaction of species, both the species are at a loss?
Which one of the following statement INCORRECT regarding competition?
