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प्रश्न
Explain a process in which a biocatalyst is used in industrial preparation of a compound known to you.
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उत्तर
Ethanol, \[\ce{C2H5OH}\], is obtained commercially by fermentation, the oldest method is from sugars. The sugar in molasses, sugarcane or fruits such as grapes is converted to glucose and fructose, (both of which have the formula \[\ce{C6H12O6}\]), in the presence of an enzyme, invertase. Glucose and fructose undergo fermentation in the presence of another enzyme, zymase, which is found in yeast.
\[\ce{C12H22O11 + H2O ->[Invertase] \underset{Glucose}{C6H12O6} + \underset{Fructose}{C6H12O6}}\]
\[\ce{C6H12O6 ->[Zymase] 2C2H5OH + 2CO2}\]
In wine making, grapes are the source of sugars and yeast. As grapes ripen, the quantity of sugar increases and yeast grows on the outer skin. When grapes are crushed, sugar and the enzyme come in contact and fermentation starts. Fermentation takes place in anaerobic conditions i.e. in absence of air. Carbon dioxide is released during fermentation.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Show how is the following alcohol prepared by the reaction of a suitable Grignard reagent on methanal?
\[\begin{array}{cc}
\ce{CH3 - CH - CH2OH}\\
|\phantom{......}\\
\ce{CH3}\phantom{...}
\end{array}\]
Predict the major product of acid catalysed dehydration of 1-methylcyclohexanol.
How is the following conversion carried out?
\[\ce{Methyl magnesium bromide → 2-Methylpropan-2-ol}\]
Name the reagent used in the following reaction:
Dehydration of propan-2-ol to propene.
Name the reagent used in the following reaction:
Butan-2-one to butan-2-ol.
Show how you would synthesise the following alcohol from an appropriate alkene?
Name the reagents used in the following reactions:
Primary alcohols are prepared by the reduction of carboxylic acids. Though lithium aluminium hydride is a strong reducing agent, it is not used in the reaction. This is so because:
Aldehydes are reduced to the corresponding alcohols by the addition of hydrogen in the presence of catalysts to form ____________.
Benzaldehyde differs from acetaldehyde in that:
Commercially carboxylic acids are reduced to alcohols by converting them to the ______.
How can propan-2-one be converted into tert- butyl alcohol?
Select the acid(s) which cannot be prepared by Grignard reagent.
Alkaline hydrolysis of an alkyl halide can be preferably carried out using ______.
The best reagent to convert pent - 3 - en - 2 - ol into pent - 3 - en - 2 one is ______.
To synthesise 1.0 mole of 2-methylpropan-2-ol from Ethylethanoate ______ equivalents of CH3MgBr reagent will be required. (Integer value)
An aldehyde isomeric with allyl alcohol gives phenyl hydrazone. Pick out a ketone that too gives a phenyl hydrazone containing the same percentage of nitrogen.
\[\ce{C3H8O ->[{[O]}][K2Cr2O7/H2SO4] C3H6O ->[I2 + NaOH(aq.)] CHI3}\]
In this reaction the first compound is:
