Cell Organelles

Cell Organelles: Tiny parts inside the cell that do specific jobs. Examples: nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, mitochondria, lysosomes, and vacuoles.

• Nucleus: controls the cell’s activities and has a porous double membrane around it.
• Endoplasmic Reticulum: Helps modify proteins made by ribosomes and sends them to Golgi bodies.
• Golgi bodies: properly package and distribute proteins.
• Mitochondria: Produce energy for the cell, called the “powerhouse” of the cell.
• Chloroplasts: Found only in plant cells; help in photosynthesis.
• Vacuoles: Store waste and water. Large in plants, small in animals.

Organelles are the specialised and membrane-bound, living structures in a cell concerned with definite functions.

The living parts of a cell which consist of cytoplasm, nucleus and other living bodies are collectively called protoplasm or protoplast.

The non-living parts of a cell, i.e., vacuoles and granules, are called cell inclusions.

1. Organelles are membrane-bound, living structures within a cell, each with specific functions—like organs in the body.
2. Protoplasm includes the cytoplasm, nucleus, and all living parts of the cell; protoplast refers to a plant cell without its cell wall.
3. Most organelles are common to both plant and animal cells, except for chloroplasts and cell wall (plant only) and centrosome with centrioles (animal only).
4. Major organelles include nucleus, nucleolus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, Golgi bodies, and lysosomes.
5. Non-living components, such as vacuoles and granules, are called cell inclusions.